見證，或文學的任務

Testimony, or the Mission of Literature

潘怡帆(Yi-Fan Pan)

《中國現代文學》 39期 (2021/06) Pp. 7-24

摘要

2015年的諾貝爾文學獎頒給白俄羅斯記者暨作家亞歷塞維奇，掀起「非虛構」寫作熱潮。包含非虛構、見證與報導文學等此類以真實為導向的書寫，是否可視為文學對現世的介入與社會責任的承載，便是本文的核心議題。以真實為導向的文學究竟如何跨越當代「文學即虛構」的論述，揭露事件的真實性？通過這個質問，本文展開書寫中真實與虛構之辯，並進一步提問，文學或見證的價值是否仰賴真假之辨。以真實為導向的書寫必然遭受「何謂真實？」的再三質問，不過，堅守再現真實之價值究竟有助或妨礙於見證？本文嘗試論證以真實為導向之書寫的價值不因為它們擁有真實性，而因為具有文學性。通過書寫呈顯的真實性永恆源自文學虛構的威力，亦唯有在由文學啟動的想像力中，見證從不可能轉向可能。

關鍵字

見證 ； 真實性 ； 虛構 ； 非虛構 ； 文學

並列摘要

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015 was awarded to the Belarusian journalist and writer, Svetlana Alexievich, creating a wave of ＂non-fiction＂ writing. Whether such a reality-oriented writing-including non-fiction, testimony, and non-fiction novel-can be regarded as the literary engagement in the present world or the bearer of social responsibility becomes the core issue of the paper. How can the reality-oriented literature transcend the contemporary discourse of ＂literature as fiction＂ and then expose the reality of events? Through this inquiry, the paper unfolds the debate on reality and fiction in writing, and then further asks whether the value of literature and testimony depends on the distinction between truth and false. Reality-oriented writing will be constantly challenged by the interrogation: ＂What is the reality?＂ But we may want to ask: does the adherence to the value of representing reality help or hinder testimony? This paper attempts to argue that the value of reality-oriented writing does not rely on its authenticity, but on literature itself. The authenticity manifested through writing constantly comes from the puissance of literary fiction, and it is only in the imagination initiated by literature that the impossible become the possible.

並列關鍵字

testimony ； reality ； fiction ； non-fiction ； literature

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