對話之外：從巴赫汀晚年「外部性」的觀點新義看理解的（不）可能性

Beyond Dialogue: Mikhail Bakhtin's Perspective of ＂Outsideness＂ in his Later Years and its Significance for the (Im)possibility of Understanding

王孝勇(Hsiao-Yung Wang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 70期 (2019/09) Pp. 57-108

https://doi.org/10.6523/SOCIETAS.201909_(70).002

摘要

本研究旨在藉由Bakhtin晚年所述之「外部性」的觀點新義，探討理解的（不）可能性。首先，透過Bakhtin於1970年間所撰寫的四篇論著，本研究將推敲其中所揭示的「外部性」觀點，如何展現出不同於前期對話論的內涵。其次，順著Emerson對於Bakhtin在俄國學術語境持續發酵的討論和譯介，本研究將從「往復否定論」、「重複的不可重複性」（repeatably unrepeatable）這兩條互相配搭的軸線，將「外部性」進一步演繹為Bakhtin晚年所欲提出的反向民主觀和對話疏離論。據此，過去對話論所強調的被聽聞、誰在被陳述等問題意識，此番被更為多重異質甚至缺乏共識慾望的話語意識影響滲透。此類語藝情境或困境，正是特定言者在論述打造的過程中，所有意或無意體現的「空間之外、時間之後」的理解的（不）可能性。

關鍵字

反向民主觀 ； 巴赫汀 ； 外部性 ； 理解 ； 對話疏離論

並列摘要

This research aims to introduce Mikhail Bakhtin's perspective of ＂outsideness＂ in his later years and elaborate its significance for the (im)possibility of understanding. First, it attempts to indicate the specific character of ＂outsideness＂ through comparison to some earlier writings by Bakhtin. Inspired by Caryl Emerson and her interpretation of some emergent issues referring to ＂outsideness＂ from the Russian intellectuals, this research states that ＂defamiliarization＂ and the ＂reversed democratic model＂ might be inherent in Bakhtin's re-problematization of dialogue, and that furthermore, rhetorical strategies and the rhetorical situation of ＂outsideness＂ should be crystallized into two different but related lines of ＂reciprocal negation＂ and the ＂repeatably unrepeatable＂. Based on theoretical deduction, this research argues that the Bakhtian perspective of ＂outsideness＂ is different from the traditional triangular paradigm of rhetorical events which focuses purely on the fusion and balance (rather than conflict and dissonance) among rhetor, listener and subject. What matters during these later years of Bakhtin is that the basis of communication definitely proceeds from deliberation or creative consciousness of ＂rhetor＂ to ＂superaddressee＂ (as an absent present). Finally, the specific discursive formation that is outside of it in space and after it in time would be the critical case for rhetorical analysis in the future.

並列關鍵字

reversed democratic model ； Mikhail Bakhtin ； outsideness ； understanding ； defamiliarization of dialogue

參考文獻

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