美中新型大國關係的理論解析

Theoretical Analysis of PRC-US New Great Power Relationship

楊仕樂(Shih-Yueh Yang)

《全球政治評論》 50期 (2015/04) Pp. 103-114

摘要

「新型大國關係」是美中雙方高層目前對雙方關係的共同意向，一邊是興起中的超級強權，一邊是衰退中的計有超級強權，美中兩國未來關係的走向，無疑是影響往後世界局勢的重要因素，美中兩國究竟能否如所聲稱地建立「新型大國關關係」？還是兩國終究無法逃脫所謂「強權政治」的「悲劇宿命」，難免走向衝突？對此，本文嘗試提供國際關係理論的解析。本文主張美中「新型大國關係」其實是客觀時勢所趨，美中兩國皆是廣土眾民的超級強權，且為遼闊的海洋所阻隔，雙方也都擁有足夠的核子嚇阻能力，雙方沒有避要走向衝突。如果客觀時勢所趨的「新型大國關係」會遭遇挑戰，是受人們主觀意識的干擾，是有意無意的意識型態與主觀建構，阻止美中走向合作可以滿足特定的利益。面對美中嘗試建立「新型大國關係」，這是我們應有的認識。

關鍵字

美中關係 ； 新型大國關係 ； 現實主義 ； 建構主義

並列摘要

The declaration of building a ＂New Great Power Relationship＂ is now endorsed by both PRC and US top leaderships. The two superpowers intend to avoid the ＂tragedy＂ of great powers. What is the outlook of this ＂New Great Power Relationship?＂ Will it be successful? This article tries to provide a theoretical analysis based on both Realism and Constructivism. In short, this article asserts that, PRC-US ＂New Great Power Relationship＂ is actually the reflection of the objective conditions between PRC and US. Both have huge territories and reliable nuclear deterrence and are separated be vast ocean. The real challenges of building a ＂New Great Power Relationship＂ between PRC and US are found in subjective realm. That is, the notion that PRC and US will clash, which may in fact an ideology or an advertisement for certain interests. These two arguments should be helpful for our nation to deal with the ＂New Great Power Relationship＂ between PRC and US.

並列關鍵字

PRC-US Relationship ； New Great Power Relationship ； Realism ； Constructivism