戰後暹羅對華人的移民政策（1945-1949年）

第二次世界大戰結束後，中華民國並未因戰爭結束而安定，國共的衝突和戰爭，使中華民國陷於內亂的境況，廣東地區由於飢荒，糧荒嚴重，大批潮、汕一帶居民，爲逃避內亂及災害，前往暹羅謀生。戰時返國之旅暹歸僑亦紛紛返暹復業，戰時被暹羅政府逐出之華僑，亦趁機返暹。其中有非法入境，有逃避兵役的適齡壯丁，有無力繳納入境稅被暹羅移民局羈押，有棄保逃逸滯留暹羅境內，因缺乏謀生能力，流落各地者。大量的華人移居暹羅和輪船濫載嚴重，引起暹羅政府的注意和不滿，擔憂會影響到暹羅的經濟和治安，於是制訂「移民條例」，以移民限額及增加入境稅的方式，來阻止華人大量的移入。1947年及1948年華人移民限額均爲1萬人，1949年則遞減爲200人。中華民國政府爲防止暹羅政府對華人移民暹羅採取不利的措施，決定先行自動限制華人入暹，擬訂「人民出國赴暹管理辦法」及「取締往暹輪船濫載辦法」。同時進行與暹羅政府關於移民限額的交涉。惟暹羅政府對於移民限額相當堅持，同時受到1948年鑾披汶的排華政策影響，華人移居暹羅漸減。

關鍵字

暹羅；華僑；移民

並列摘要

After the Second World War, the Republic of China did not settle down immediately. Instead, because of the Communist upheavals, the nation was in great turmoil, with her people starved and injured. As a result, the civilians along the southeast coast-mostly the people of Chaochou and Swatow (both in the Province of Kwangtung)-had no choice but flee to Siam (now Thailand) to take refuge. Some Chinese people who came to aid their home country during the War also went back to Siam to revive their business there. Besides, the Chinese people who were forced to return to China during the War also took the chance to reenter Siam. Among them, there were some that did not have legal permission to enter the country, some that tried to escape from military service, some who could not pay the immigration fees, and some who wanted to stay in Siam because of various reasons-criminals or wanderers, etc. Mass immigration of the Chinese people into Siam and the ferries overloaded with such people were a big problem to the Siam government. They feared that these people would disrupt the economy and the stability of the country. In order to deal with the mass immigration of the Chinese, they set up ”Immigration Regulations” to further limit the number of immigrants and raise the immigration fees. The number of immigrants permitted in 1947 and 1948 was respectively 10,000, but that for 1949 was only 200. Meanwhile, the government of the Republic of China also took some actions to protect her people from ill treatment by the Siam government. First, they made new laws-”Measures for the Immigration of the People to Siam” and ”Measures for the Banishment of Over-loaded Ferries.” Furthermore, they also conducted negotiations with the Siam government on the issue of limited numbers. However, Siam was very stubborn in this aspect, and because of their anti-Chinese policies of 1948, the number of Chinese immigrants into Siam was further reduced.