外來語中英日語的語音對應－為台灣的英日語學習者而寫

本研究的目的，在提供台灣的日語學習者有效率的日語外來語學習法。研究範圍以語源為美語之外來語及美語為限。使用K.K.音標，檢視外來語中英日語語音的對應關係，進而推論美語轉化為外來語時，「音變化」的規則。本研究獲致以下結論：（1）母音：美語之「中、中」及「低、中」母音［ɚ，ɝ，ə，ʌ，æ，ɑ，a］對應日語低（廣）母音／ア／；「高、前」母音［I，i］對應「高（狹）、前」母音／イ／；「高、後」母音［u，u］對應「高（狹）、後」母音／ウ／；「中、前」母音［ε，e］對應「中、前」母音／エ／；「中、後」母音［ɔ，o］對應「中、後」母音／オ／。（2）子音：（i）美語之［p，b，t，d，k，g，s，z，ʃ，ʒ，ʧ，ʤ，r，h，m，n，ɧ，j，w］等音，對應日語子音中等同之音。（ii）美語之［f，v，e，ð，l］等音，對應和該等子音在發音方法或發音部位上鄰近之音。（iii）／ʃe／、／wi／等原五十音圖上没有之音，則被添加上去。（3）為因應日語開音節的特性，在最終子音之後加上母音，形成CV之日語音節構造。此外，在子音群之子音與子音之間，置入母音［u］或［ɔ］，以形成日語之CV音節構造。

關鍵字

發音方法；發音部位；音位； k.k.音標；拍

並列摘要

This paper aims at providing Taiwanese learners of Japanese and English with a efficient method of learning Japanese loan words. In this paper，words are limited to those derived from American English, and K.K. Phonetic Symbols are employed. This study has reached the following conclusion:(1) Vowels: (i) Central or low vowels [ɚ, ɝ, ə, ʌ, æ, ɑ, a] correspond to Japanese /a/, (ii) high front vowels [I, i] to /i/, (iii) high back vowels [u, u] to /u/, (iv) middle front vowels [ε, e] to/e/, (v) middle back vowels [ɔ, o] to /0/.(2) Consonants: (i) [p, b, t, d, k, g, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ, r, h, m, n, ɧ, j, w] correspond directly to the same Japanese phones. (ii) [f, v, e, ð, l] correspond to those Japanese phones whose manner or place of articulation is next to them. (iii) Sounds which did not exist in Japanese, such as /e/and /wi/, are added to Gozyuonzu (the table of the Japanese syllabary).(3) In the process of changing English sounds to Japanese sounds, in response to the Japanese open-syllable feature, short vowels are added to the final consonants to form open syllables. For the same reason, consonant clusters are separated into single consonants first, and then [u] or [ɔ] is inserted between them to form open syllables.