墨子倫理觀與周代親親倫理思想之背離關係探討

先秦的中國社會充滿著思想上的辯證與挑戰，周王朝至春秋、戰國間尤其變化激烈。作為新部盟之首的周，曾依照周文明之文化氣質與思想脈絡，建構出屬於周之宗法社會關係，並形成一套維繫社會生存發展之倫理系統，這當中，「親親」思想成為此系統中之核心力量與周人文思想之首要人倫，不過卻在日後受到墨子思想之直接挑戰。本文試圖透過倫理思想意識之改變與對立關係，探討墨子倫理觀與周人文「親親」思想之根本衝突性，並分析產生背離與衝突關係之主要因由。研究顯示，唯利至上價值觀和墨子特殊之生長背景與性格，乃其中關鍵因素。

關鍵字

宗法；利

並列摘要

Pre-Qin (先秦) Chinese society is full of ideological dialectics and challenges, especially the intense diversity from Zhou Dynasty (周朝) to the Chungqiu (春秋) and the Warring States Period (戰國). As a new head of the pledged tribes of the Yellow River region, Zhou Dynasty has been constructed as a patriarchal society related to Zhou and its ethical system for subsistence and development, in accordance with the culture character of Zhou civilization and ideological context. Among the ethical system, Qin-Qin (親親) (Loving One's Relatives) the thought has became the key force and the primary human ethics which in the future will receive a direct critique by Mohist. This article explores the fundamental conflict between Mozi (墨子) ethics and the Qin-Qin idea through the alteration of both ethics ideology and the opposition relations, and discusses the main reasons that cause them conflict. This research demonstrates that only the advantage of supreme values and the Mozi special growth background and disposition are key aspects.