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自法律觀點論規費概念、規費分類及費用填補原則

A Legal View on the Concept of Charges and Fees, the Classification of Charges and Fee, and the Principle of Fees Compensation

摘要


憲法上的公課體系十分龐大與複雜,規費雖然僅佔國家收入的一小部分,但卻與人民生活息息相關,亦影響人民公平負擔國家整體財政需要的實現。我國於民國91年公布規費法,為我國徵收規費的法制立下重要的里程碑,惟仍有許多問題尚待進一步的釐清。 文之目的主要就「規費法」中一些並未完全釐清的問題加以討論,尤其是規費的概念、分類及計費原則。首先說明規費在憲法上的意義,並以此為基礎討論規費法中未明確定義之“規費概念”,作為判斷公課是否屬於規費以及是否適用規費法的依據。個別歸屬理論所要求之排他性與內部化效果,能夠充分區分一般報償之租稅、團體報償之特別捐以及個別報償之受益負擔(規費及受益費)。此外,我國規費法中的規費分類並非適當,特許規費應成立新的類型,蓋其與行政與使用規費適用不同形式之個別歸屬理論。費用填補原則並非毫無差異適用於各種規費類型,而是在衡平概念下以國家所支出之費用或人民所獲得之利益來計算規費之額度。上述研究成果,希望能夠有助於逐步建立完整且健全的規費法制,符合財政負擔公平的正義要求。

並列摘要


The fee spends although only accounts for the state revenue a small part, but actually is closely linked with the lives of the people. Our country announces the fee in 2002 to spend the law, only still had a part of question still to wait the further to be clear. Goal of the this article mainly ”Charges and Fees Act” some questions to perform to discuss, the fee in particular the concept, classifies and costs the principle. The hope can be helpful to gradually establishes complete also the perfect charges und fee the legal system, conforms to the financial burden fair just requir。

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