從宗教團體自治檢討宗教團體法制現況與宗教團體法草案

宗教團體法草案推動十幾年以來，因其密切地涉及宗教團體的利益，且部分條文可能侵害宗教自由，因此引起宗教界和學界熱烈的討論。憲法第十三條明文保障人民有信仰宗教的自由，而「宗教團體自治」作為宗教自由的制度性保障保護法益，可說是與宗教團體權利最為相關且重要的概念。宗教團體法草案推動至今已逾十餘年，宗教團體自治的概念有無落實至草案中？而宗教團體的權益可否藉由宗教團體法獲得具體保障？這些都是關鍵且迫切的問題。本文以下從立法例和釋憲史出發，分析我國宗教團體自治的現況。再介紹各個版本的宗教團體法草案，歸納其重點及各個版本間的爭議。最後回頭分析當宗教團體法通過後，將對我國宗教團體自治的現況造成何種變動和影響。

關鍵字

宗教團體法草案；宗教團體自治；宗教團體；宗教自由

並列摘要

Since ten years ago the draft of the Religious Groups Law has been promoted, it has caused much discussion in the field of religion and academic. Because it is involved in the interests of religious groups, and has the possibility to infringe religious freedom. Article 13 of the Constitution expressly provides that people have the freedom of religion, and ”religious group autonomy”, which as institutional guarantee to the freedom of religion, is the most relevant and important concept related to the rights of religious groups. However, does the religious group autonomy implement to the draft? And do the right and interests of religious group have been well protected through the Religious Groups Law? These are critical and urgent problems. Therefore, the Article will start from the enactment of legislation and the history of constitutional interpretation, clarify the current status of the religious group autonomy. And then this Article will introduce the various versions of the draft of the Religious Groups Law, summarize the focus and dispute of the various versions. Finally, go back to analysis changes and impact to the current status of the religious group autonomy, after the draft of the Religious Groups Law adopted.