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Aspectos Pragmáticos del Agradecimiento en el Aula de ELE

對外西語課堂中的感謝語用探討|A Pragmatic Analysis of Thanking in the L2 Spanish Classroom

摘要


Expresar agradecimiento es un acto de habla que normalmente no forma un tema concreto en los libros de texto del aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera (ELE), sino que aparece por separado en los diálogos de diferentes situaciones. En consecuencia, si los docentes no resaltan su contexto y los factores sociales en el que tiene lugar, los aprendientes, sobre todo los principiantes, consideran que todas las expresiones que contienen la palabra gracias cuentan con la función de expresar agradecimiento. Además, hoy en día, la competencia pragmática es un elemento imprescindible en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, puesto que, para con-seguir una interacción comunicativa con éxito, no basta solo con la competencia lingüística y la comunicativa, sino también con la pragmática. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar las fórmulas de agradecimiento desde la perspectiva pragmática, a su vez, examinamos la percepción de los aprendices ante distintas situaciones de gratitud. Los datos se recogen a través de un cuestionario basado en diálogos extraídos de algunos manuales de ELE. Cuarenta y nueve alumnos chinos de español de nivel A1 participaron en esta investigación. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo con los datos obtenidos. Los resultados del análisis indican que la competencia lingüística de la L2 es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática. De este modo, la integración de los componentes pragmáticos en el aula de ELE es obligatoria para una interpretación y producción adecuada al contexto comunicativo de la lengua meta.

並列摘要


在對外西班牙語(ELE)教學的教材中,感謝言語行為通常不會以一個具體的主題單元來介紹,而是在不同的對話情境中單獨呈現。因此,如果教學者沒有在課堂上引導學生留意對話者之間的關係和溝通情境,對於學習者來說,尤其是初學者,很容易直接將含有gracias的詞語用於任何需要表達感謝的場合,而忽略其他的社會文化因素。此外,在現今的外語學習中,語用能力是一個不可或缺的要素,為達到有效的溝通,不僅需要語言和溝通能力,還需具備一定的語用能力。本研究的主要目的是以語用的角度來探討感謝語,並分析西語學習者對於不同感謝情境的觀察。我們採用一些對外西語教學教科書中的感謝對話,將其改編以作為語料收集的問卷;四十九名A1等級的台灣西語學習者參與了這項研究,之後再進行語料的量化和質化分析。研究結果顯示,外語的語言能力是發展語用能力的關鍵,所以在對外西語教學的課堂中必須納入語用元素,如此學習者才能夠正確地從目的語的語境來理解和表達溝通訊息。|Expressing gratitude is a speech act that normally does not form a specific content in textbooks for L2 Spanish, but it appears individually in the dialogues of different situations. Consequently, if teachers do not place emphasis on its context and the social factors in which it takes place, learners, especially beginners, might assume all expressions containing the word gracias function as thanking. In addition, nowadays pragmatic competence is an essential element in foreign language learning. In order to achieve a successful communicative interaction, not only linguistic and communicative competence are necessary, but also pragmatics. The main goal of this study is to analyze expressions of gratitude from a pragmatic perspective, as well as examine the perception of learners in different thanking situations. The data is collected through a questionnaire based on dialogues extracted from some L2 Spanish textbooks. Forty-nine Taiwanese A1 level Spanish students participated in this research. Subsequently, we performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis with the data obtained. The results of the analysis indicate that L2 linguistic competence is a determining factor for the development of pragmatic competence. In this way, integrating pragmatic components in the Spanish language classroom is crucial for appropriate interpretation and production within the communicative context of the target language.|Expressing gratitude is a speech act that normally does not form a specific content in textbooks for L2 Spanish, but it appears individually in the dialogues of different situations. Consequently, if teachers do not place emphasis on its context and the social factors in which it takes place, learners, especially beginners, might assume all expressions containing the word gracias function as thanking. In addition, nowadays pragmatic competence is an essential element in foreign language learning. In order to achieve a successful communicative interaction, not only linguistic and communicative competence are necessary, but also pragmatics. The main goal of this study is to analyze expressions of gratitude from a pragmatic perspective, as well as examine the perception of learners in different thanking situations. The data is collected through a questionnaire based on dialogues extracted from some L2 Spanish textbooks. Forty-nine Taiwanese A1 level Spanish students participated in this research. Subsequently, we performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis with the data obtained. The results of the analysis indicate that L2 linguistic competence is a determining factor for the development of pragmatic competence. In this way, integrating pragmatic components in the Spanish language classroom is crucial for appropriate interpretation and production within the communicative context of the target language.

參考文獻


Ahar, V., & Eslami-Rasekh, A. (2011). The effect of social status and size of imposition on the gratitude strategies of Persian and English speakers. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2 (1), 120-128.
Amenós Pons, J., Ahern, A., & Escandell Vidal, M. V. (2019). Comunicación y cognición en ELE: la perspectiva pragmática. Edinumen.
Apte, M. L. (1974). “Thank you” and South Asia languages: A comparative sociolinguistic study. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 3, 67-90.
Aston, G. (1995). Say ‘thank you’: Some pragmatic constraints in conversational closings. Applied Linguistics, 16 (1), 57-86.
Barquero, A. (2020). Lengua, cultura, interculturalidad: el tratamiento de la competencia pragmática como parte de la competencia comunicativa en los libros de texto de ELE en el ámbito escolar alemán. Universitätsverlag Potsdam.

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