時代性的多維呈現與創作走向：民國早期兒童戲劇研究

民國成立之後，維新圖強的社會氣象較為興盛，來自西方以兒童為本位的現代教育思潮和藝術創作理念也綿綿不斷引進。但與此同時，國事卻持續動盪中，因此，愛國、救國與治國之創作主題，永無終止地被綑綁交織在一起。在這樣的背景下，兒童戲劇的創作，也概莫能置之度外。一方面是大變革時代的嶄新氣息，另一方面則是社會政治轉型中的沉重包袱，這時代的雙重變奏，對於當時兒童劇本的創作與發展，均產生顯著的影響，二十世紀早期的兒童戲劇便是在此背景下孕育而生。本文擬藉由民國早期兒童戲劇歷史背景、理論要項、劇本寫作等三個面向為切入點，從文獻資料的探查與考證中，梳理該時期兒童戲劇的發展脈絡與作家作品之創作特徵，進而重構民國早期兒童戲劇的歷史風貌，並從其理論發展與創作走向的變化中透視出多維的時代性，最終發現並詮釋兒童戲劇所特有的啟蒙教化之意境。

關鍵字

兒童戲劇史；兒童戲劇；兒童劇本；兒童劇作家；民國早期

並列摘要

Since the establishment of the Republic of China, the social atmosphere of reformation and initiative began to boom, and the child-oriented thoughts of education and artistic creation were incessantly introduced from the West. Meanwhile, the unrest was rampant throughout the country, and thus the creative themes of patriotism and national salvation and governance were constantly bound together. This was the milieu of which the creation of children's plays could not spare itself. The duet, made of the novel freshness engendered by the epochal reformation on the one hand, and the leaden burden caused by the sociopolitical transformation on the other, had a conspicuous influence on the creation and development of children's plays, giving birth the children drama of the early twentieth century. Based on the perspectives of historical background, theoretical essentials, and playwriting, this paper intends to explicate the development of children's drama in this new epoch and the features of different authors' dramaturgy by means of examining the documented literatures. By so doing, the multidimensional characteristics of this new age can be epitomized in the unique concept of enlightenment in children's drama at that time that provides the insights into the changes in its theoretical development and creative approach.