戰後臺灣政治案件之審判─主要罪名與處分型態

Trial of Political Cases in Post- War Taiwan: Main Accusation and Disciplinary Action Patterns

蘇瑞鏘(Jui-Chiang Su)

《中華人文社會學報》 14期 (2011/03) Pp. 134-161

摘要

1949—1992年間，臺灣有數以萬計的人民，遭統治當局以叛亂或匪諜罪嫌加以拘捕、審問和處罰，導致白色恐怖氛圍長期籠罩全臺。而在戒嚴時期，這些政治犯基本上會被交付軍事審判。整體而論，軍事審判機關對政治犯的處分頗重，然卻常見不法與不當的審判，往往對人權造成頗大的侵害。而政治犯被以〈懲治叛亂條例〉與〈戡亂時期檢肅匪諜條例〉論處的比例最高，常見罪名則有：顛覆政府、參加叛亂組織或集會、以文字圖書演說為有利於叛徒之宣傳、為叛徒徵募財物或供給金錢資產、包庇或藏匿叛徒、明知為匪諜而不告密檢舉或縱容等等，然軍事審判機關所使用的證據法則常不嚴謹。至於處分政治犯的型態，包括主刑（含死刑與徒刑，常包含禠奪公權的宣告）、感化與沒收財產。

關鍵字

白色恐怖 ； 政治案件 ； 叛亂 ； 匪諜 ； 軍事審判

並列摘要

During 1949-1992, there were tens of thousand people in Taiwan being arrested, interrogated, and punished by the ruling authorities with the suspicion of offense of rebellion or Communist agents, resulting in white terror atmosphere's haunting Taiwan over a long period of time. On the whole, the ruling authorities' disciplinary actions for political offenders were pretty heavy; however, the illegal and inappropriate disposal was often seen, and usually caused great infringement of human rights.The political offenders' proportion of being punished under ”the Betrayers Punishment Act” and ”the Espionage Prevention Act of the Period of Suppression of Communist Rebellion” was the highest, and the common charges were: trying to overthrow the government, participating in the organization or assembly of rebellion, using words, books or a speech to do propaganda that was beneficial for the traitors, collecting property for the traitors or supplying them with money and assets, harboring or secreting the traitors, knowing perfectly well that a person was a Communist spy but not informing against him or her and reporting to the authorities, or turning a blind eye, etc. However, the rule of evidence used by the military tribunals was usually not very rigorous. The disciplinary action patterns for political offenders included the principal penalty (death penalty and imprisonment, often containing the announcement of civil death), reformatory education, and confiscating the property.

並列關鍵字

White Terror ； Political Cases ； Rebellion ； Communist Agents ； Military Trial