- 期刊
臺灣水肺潛水休閒運動之性別差異後設分析研究
A Meta-Analysis Study on Gender Differences Manifested in Recreational SCUBA Diving Studies in Taiwan
摘要
本研究目的在檢視國內水肺潛水休閒運動研究領域中參與者心理特質的性別差異。本研究以「潛水」為關鍵字取得179篇實徵研究，再依相關條件篩選出31篇潛水研究，取得8個研究變項的統計數據進行32個後設分析。研究結果發現：男性潛者與女性潛者在休閒效益與休閒滿意度上並沒有顯著的差異；但男性潛者的放鬆動機與整體動機高於女性，而女性潛者知覺的心理風險高於男性。女性潛者在個人內在阻礙與結構性阻礙的得分上都高於男性，男性潛者則在休閒涉入的3個構面（生活型態中心性、自我表現以及吸引力）都強過女性。此外，男性潛者也感受到較更強烈的幸福感。在自覺專業知能的每一個構面，男性助教皆表現出更強烈的自信。最後，研究者根據研究結果針對休閒潛水的實務與研究提出建議。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to examine the gender differences manifested in the SCUBA diving studies in Taiwan. One hundred and seventy-nine quantitative studies were retrieved with the keyword of 'SCUBA diving', and 31 studies with gender related statistical data were selected out of those 179 studies. Meta-analytical method was adopted to conduct this study. Thirty-two meta-analyses were run to examine gender differences on eight theoretical constructs. Results showed that male divers and female divers did not differ significantly on leisure benefits and diving satisfaction. Male and female divers showed some differences on leisure motivation and perceived risks in that males demonstrated stronger needs for relaxation and perceived less psychological risk. Whereas no significant gender differences were found on interpersonal leisure constraints, female divers experienced significant stronger intrapersonal and structural leisure constraints. On every facet of leisure involvement, male divers also showed stronger involvement than female divers. The male divers reported stronger feeling of happiness than females. The male teaching assistants also showed stronger self-confidence in every aspect of diving competences. The implications of this study and suggestions for future research are presented in the end.