高齡者體適能運動介入、憂鬱與自我效能文獻回顧

A review of the literature on physical fitness and depression and self-efficacy among elderly people

林欣慈(Shin-Tzu Lin) ； 魏惠娟(Hui-Juan Wei)

《嘉大體育健康休閒期刊》 17卷3期 (2018/12) Pp. 56-73

https://doi.org/10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.201812_17(3).05

摘要

近年來憂鬱症逐漸受到重視，高齡者憂鬱症相對的值得大家注意，由於高齡者憂鬱狀況容易被忽視，我們更應該去關切及正視這個問題。許多有關憂鬱的研究都發現功能性體適能不只影響高齡者身體健康，對於心理健全也有相當的正向關係。Bandura的自我效能(self-efficacy)理論即是一個自覺能力的概念，意指個人於從事行為時對自我能力判斷所生的信念。然而瞭解高齡者參與運動的行為帶來的影響中，自我效能扮演了一個很重要的角色，因為目前同時探討功能性體適能與高齡者憂鬱、自我效能的研究甚少，因此本文透過文獻整理、分析的方式分別介紹體適能運動與高齡者憂鬱及體適能運動與高齡者自我效能的文獻回顧。為了對高齡者體適能運動與憂鬱及自我效能的相關性有更全面的了解，本文分別針對高齡者運動與憂鬱及自我效能有關的文獻。經由MEDLINE、CINAHL等資料庫收尋，收錄文獻主要涵蓋1993年至2013年期間的文章共21篇，並且於閱讀過的文章中繼續找尋相關之參考文獻，加以彙整討論。發現高齡者可藉由體適能運動介入可有效降低憂鬱程度，性別、運動強度等的不同也影響降低憂鬱的效果。對於自我效能文獻回顧中發現，功能限制和環境干擾與身體活動都有顯著相關。自我效能為運動參與與表現的重要因子，然而，高齡者在身體狀況老化之下，往往對於運動參與和運動表現不如年輕時來的容易。但若加強高齡者自我效能，往往會使運動成效得到更大的提升和改善，進而不止其身體健康狀況，日常活動也都有所改善和正面的效果。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 運動 ； 心理健康 ； 運動效能

並列摘要

In recent years, depression has gradually received attention. The depression of the elderly is relatively worthy of attention. Since the depression of the elderly is easily overlooked, we should pay more attention to and face up to this problem. Many studies on depression have found that functional fitness not only affects the health of the elderly, but also has a positive relationship to mental health. Bandura's theory of self-efficacy is a concept of self-awareness, which means the individual's belief in the judgment of self-ability when engaging in behavior. However, self-efficacy plays an important role in understanding the impact of older people's participation in sports, because there is little research on the functional fitness and the depression and self-efficacy of the elderly. Therefore, this paper introduces the literature review of physical fitness and depression and physical fitness and the self-efficacy of the elderly in the literature through literature analysis and analysis. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between physical fitness and depression and self-efficacy in the elderly, this paper is aimed at the literature on the exercise and depression and self-efficacy of the elderly. Through MEDLINE, CINAHL, ASC and other databases, the literature mainly covers 21 articles from 1993 to 2013, and continues to search for related references in the articles that have been read. It is found that elderly people can effectively reduce the degree of depression through physical exercise intervention, and the differences in gender and exercise intensity also affect the effect of reducing depression. A review of the self-efficacy literature found that functional limitations and environmental disturbances were significantly associated with physical activity. Self-efficacy is an important factor in the participation and performance of sports. However, in the aging of the physical condition, the elderly are often not as easy to participate in sports and exercise as young. However, if the self-efficacy of the elderly is strengthened, the effectiveness of the exercise will be improved and improved, and the physical health will be improved. The daily activities will also have improved and positive effects.

並列關鍵字

Seniors ； Exercise ； Mental health ； Performance

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