性／別規範與仇恨犯罪：性工作的政策管制

從1980年代中期以來，「雛妓」就是一個重要的「受害」象徵，推動立法防制的社會運動團體，透過性交易的暴力化及特定群體的被害化，衍生出一套箝制社會大眾的兒少保護條款。過程中，性差異的界線不斷被強化、重組，由被害的想像推展保護／防制措施，由加害的概念延伸出公益／危害的對立關係。本篇論文試圖由仇恨犯罪的概念入手，分析台灣《兒童及少年性交易防制條例》如何在特定團體的推動下，發展出一套不斷演進的性／別規範。從強調雛妓的受害到成人／兒少之間的性差異，原先雛妓救援運動中對抗社會剝削和壓迫的反仇恨犯罪取向，逐漸為保護／防制政策所取代。性不平等與差異，則轉化為運動團體因應自身需要，必須使用的政治策略。在政策過程中，差異的界線如何產生？歷經何種轉變過程？從性別到年齡，性差異如何形塑權力？性／別規範如何形成、重組，成為傅科所謂「治理的技術」，在政策法規中持續？

關鍵字

仇恨犯罪；性交易；規範；規訓；性差異；被害化；性工作；政策管制

並列摘要

From 1980s on, ”child-prostitute” has been an important symbol of ”victim”. Through naming sexual transactions as crime of violence, the groups of social movements gave an impetus to legislate a set of regulations to protect the public. In this process, the boundaries of sexual differences were constantly reinforced and reconstituted. The imagination of ”victim” extended the arrangements of protection/prevention, and the concept of perpetration formed the antithetical relation of public interest and danger. This thesis begins with the idea of ”hate crime”. It focuses on Child and Youth Sexual Transaction Prevention Act in Taiwan, which has developed specific norms for gender/sexuality with the design of these groups. From putting the accent of ”victimized” child-prostitute to the sexual difference between adults and children /teenagers, an orientation of anti-hate crime in rescuing childprostitutes towards the resistance of social exploitation and oppression were gradually replaced by policies of protection/prevention. Sexual inequality and difference turned to meet the needs of these groups, thought as their necessary political strategy. How the boundary of differences was produced in policy process? What is its becoming? From gender to age, how the sexual difference practiced power? How were the norms formed and reconstituted to be Foucauldian's ”technology of governmentality”, continuing in policies and law?