上顎恆牙第一大臼齒之異位性萌出－文獻回顧

Ectopic Eruption of Maxillary Permanent First Molars: Review of Literature

吳政道(Cheng-Tao Wu) ； 劉惠仙(Huei-Hsien Liu)

《臺灣兒童牙醫學雜誌》 7卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 26-30

https://doi.org/10.6319/TJPD.2007.7(1).4

摘要

異位性萌出為一局部性萌出障礙，主要以上顎恆牙第一大臼齒居多，其發生率雖男多於女，但無統計學上明顯差異；也無種族之問的差異；不受水中加氣及蛀牙之影響，但有明顯之家族遺傳傾向。可分為兩種：可回復性及不可回復性，通常在5-7歲之間藉由根尖或咬翼x光片被診斷出來。若為可回復性，大部分約在7-8歲之間會自行回到正常的萌出位置；而不可回復性的異位性萌出，則會造成乳臼齒的牙根吸收。發生的原因與許多因素有關，如：牙弓長度不足、上顎後半部區域生長不足、恆牙第一大臼齒近心向萌出或提早萌出、第一及第二乳臼齒的近遠心徑大小異常、遺傳等。恆牙第一大臼齒的異位性萌出在治療上需仔細觀察，可回復性不需積極治療；不可回復性則需治療，否則會造成第二乳臼齒的牙根吸收或提早喪失。本文回顧有關上顎恆牙第一大臼齒異位性萌出的文獻，以作為臨床診斷及選擇處置方式的重要參考。

關鍵字

異位性萌出 ； 可回復性 ； 不可回復性 ； 空間管理

並列摘要

Ectopic eruption is the local eruption disturbances. It most common affects the maxillary first permanent molar. Two types of ectopic eruption of the maxillary first molar have been reported in the literature. One is the reversible type and the other is irreversible type. Statistically, the frequency of occurrence has no significant differences in genders and races. It is also unaffected by water fluoridation and dental caries. However, it has a significant familial tendency. The diagnosis was determined between 5-7 years of ages and was radiographically confirmed. If it is the reversible type, there was a tendency for spontaneous self-correction. If not, the root of the primary second molar would be resorbed The etiology was affected by multiple factors, such as inadequate arch length, mesially ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar, underdevelopment of posterior maxilla, abnormality in mesio-distal crown diameters of the deciduous molars, and genetics. In children with reversible ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molar, no active treatment except close observation is needed. With irreversible type, active intervention is mandatory.

並列關鍵字

Ectopic Eruption ； Reversible Type ； Irreversible Type ； Space Management