當代國際法如何保護小國－聯合國與小國的關係

在國際無政府狀態下，小國唯一目的只有尋求最佳的生存戰略。小國的安全是今天國際社會最關注與最棘手的問題之一。近年來，小國通常試圖在國際法的基礎上，利用並確保自己的安全，同時支持國際或多邊組織下具有法律規範的文書。小國往往主張參與區域合作，並成為多邊組織與聯盟的會員。經驗表明，較小的國家可以在國際法基礎上成功加強立場，甚至追求其具體利益。換言之，各國際組織與機構的會員，將秉持不歧視、合作與團結至上的原則，會給予小國同等的安全保證，以及相較於其國家規模較大的政治影響力，例如聯合國、歐盟等成員等。爰本文之目的將在國際法與主權國家的架構下，探析聯合國與小國關係，以及當代國際法如何保護小國，繼而闡述不是聯合國會員的台灣要如何保護自己。

關鍵字

國際法；小國；聯合國；主權國家；台灣

並列摘要

It is the only purpose for small states to look for the best survival strategy under international anarchy. The security of small States is probably one of the most troublesome problems engaging the attention of the international society today. In recent years, smaller states have generally attempted to ensure their own security on the basis of international law and by supporting the negotiation of legally binding instruments under the international or multilateral organizations and institutions. Many of them have advocated and participated in regional cooperation and become members of multilateral organizations and alliances. Experience has shown that smaller states can successfully strengthen their positions on the basis of international law, and even pursue their specific interests. Membership of organizations and institutions has given smaller states security and more political influence than their size might warrant on the basis of the principle of non-discrimination, unity, and solidarity; the European Union and the United Nations are prime examples of this. Hence, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the relationship between the United Nations and the small states under the framework of international law and sovereign state. Meanwhile, the article provides a survey of research on International law and protection of small states and then explains how Taiwan should protect itself without the safeguard of the UN.