國際管轄權理論的法典化省思：以比利時國際私法新法典為例

Some Reflections on the Codification of the Doctrine of International Jurisdiction: Take the New Code of Private International Law in Belgium as the Example

林恩瑋(En-Wei Lin)

《財產法暨經濟法》 4期 (2005/12) Pp. 169-217

摘要

二○○四年十月一日，比利時國際私法新法典正式生效施行，這部法典的制訂引起了歐洲學界極大的注目，在法語系國家的法典化過程中，其可謂立下了一個歷史性的里程碑。本文旨在透過比利時新法典，交叉分析國際私法上管轄權理論之基礎。對於國際管轄權理論，本文認爲必須先行澄清一些名詞與概念上混淆的部分，並試著以調和國際民事訴訟法學與國際私法學的國際管轄權理論觀點之方式，從中尋找出可行的國際管轄權操作方法。有別於以土地管轄爲基礎的國內管轄規則，國際管轄權理論之基礎有其獨特性。在現存的國際私法法典中，比利時國際私法法典規範可謂完整而細緻，若平規定新穎並具創意，十分值得我國在未來立法上的參考如果法典化是我國國際私法的未來趨向，則攸關當事人權益重大的國際管轄權標準規範，我們又如何能予以漠視?

關鍵字

國際管轄權 ； 管轄衝突 ； 國際私法 ； 國際民事訴訟法 ； 國際裁判權 ； 比利時國際私法 ； 法典化 ； 涉外民事 ； 直接的管轄權 ； 間接的管轄權

並列摘要

On October 1, 2004, the Belgian Private International Law Code entered into force. This new Code was an important event, which were also attracted lots of attention of the European scholars in the field of Private International Law. In the French world the new Code may be said has established a historical milestone.
This article is for the purpose of introducing the new Code, especially in the part of rules of International Jurisdiction. Through the analysis of fundamental theory in the Private International Law and the Code, we try to identify the different conceptions between the two disciplines: the Private International Law, and the International Civil Procedure of Law (Internationales Zivilprozessrecht). Regarding the International Jurisdiction theory, we propose to reconcile the different viewpoints, and tries to find the way to restore the autonomous rules of International Jurisdiction.
The International Jurisdiction shall not be confused with the territorial jurisdiction which as the basis of domestic jurisdiction rules The International Jurisdiction rules have its distinctive nature. In the Belgian Private International Law Code, there are certain clauses sustaining our position. The new Code is extremely worth to be referenced by our legislators: If the codification will be a trend in the field of Private International Law in our country, then how will we be able to ignore the importance of the International Jurisdiction rules in the Private International Law?

並列關鍵字

Private International Law ； Conflict of Laws ； International Civil Procedure of Law ； international jurisdiction ； local jurisdiction ； compétence directe ； compétence indirecte ； Code of Private International Law Belgium ； Codification