基地台設置與居民補償的法律經濟分析

The View of Law and Economics Analysis-Cellular Site Installation and Municipal Residents' Compensation

鄭惠佳(Hui-Chia Cheng)

《財產法暨經濟法》 20期 (2009/12) Pp. 39-80

摘要

行動通信基地台的設置爲國家經濟發展所必要，但因此恐損及基地台設置土地或建築物所有權人甚至附近居民的權益，例如因爲基地台破壞景觀或是電磁波影響身體健康致使該地區房價下跌、電磁波的放射可能會造成附近居民身體健康的危害、破壞生態環境，人民生活品質下降等等。當國家經濟發展與基地台設置地點附近的居民利益發生衝突時，該如何使行動通信業者設置基地台所需花費的交易成本，與居民認知基地台設置於其住家附近將會得到之損害補償達到平衡，則是本文所欲探討的主要問題。
本文第貳部份先介紹美國對於有關基地台核准設置與居民補償的相關法律機制，第叁部份就我國目前現有的法律機制加以說明，第肆部份除參考美國的法律體制並以經濟分析方法檢討目前我國法律規定的妥適性，試圖找出平衡相關人等利益之最好方向，最後提出修法建議作爲本文之結論。

關鍵字

基地台 ； 行動通信 ； 電磁波 ； 經濟分析 ； 財產法則 ； 責任法則 ； 侵權行爲法 ； 行政管制

並列摘要

Cellular site installation is essential to develop cellular infrastructure and adequately satisfy society's need for cellular services. Residents often argue that the cellular destroy the aesthetics of the neighborhood and devaluate the real property, even cause personal injury. Cellular providers determine site location based upon economic considerations. How to balance the competing interests of municipal residents and cellular providers is the main topic in this article.
The Second part of this article provides a procedural summary of the Standards of Zoning Board Review in New Jersey and New York, common law theories of recovery and the law of inverse condemnation & eminent domain. Part three introduces the Telecommunication Law and related regulations in Taiwan. Part four reviews the USA legal system and examines the appropriateness of our regulations by the viewpoints of economics analysis. The last part proposes the requirements to limit the placement of a cellular tower and an adequate remedy to recover the damage of residents living in close proximity to a cellular site as the conclusion of this article.

並列關鍵字

cellular site ； mobile telecommunications ； electromagnetic wave ； Economics Analysis ； Property Rule ； Liability Rule ； Tort Law ； Government Regulation