採行浮動抵押的必要性及可行性

The Necessity and the Feasibility of Adopting Floating Mortgage

謝哲勝(Jer-Shenq Shieh)

《財產法暨經濟法》 26期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201106.0001

摘要

浮動抵押一詞可以等同浮動擔保，抵押權的客體，因受物權客體特定性理論的影響，通說認為我國並不承認物權客體不特定的浮動抵押。然而浮動低押客體可得特定的彈性，正可以充分發揮財產擔保融資的功能，對於資金引進工商業經營，有重大功能。世界銀行對於台灣取得貸款指標，認為並無浮動抵押制度，因而影響台灣投資環境的評等，相較於我國，中國的物權法第181條、第189條已明文引進浮動低押。如何在法制上引進浮動抵押制度，以增加企業融資管道，並提高世界銀行對台灣投資環境的評等，就有高度的研究價值。本文第二部分首先介紹浮動抵押的意義和效力，作為全文探討的基礎；第三部分說明浮動抵押與普通抵押的異同處，強調二者的法理相同；第四部分接著從資金需求者與銀行放款者的風險等面向，探討採行浮動抵押的必要性，第五部分從浮動抵押和普通抵押在法理的共通性著手，強調引進浮動抵押的可行性；第六部分提出浮動抵押制度的理論模型：當事人意思自治原則、擔保債權可得確定、標的物可得特定以及登記對抗要件，作為法制上引進和解釋適用浮動抵押的參考。第七部分總結全文，提出本文結論。

關鍵字

抵押 ； 抵押權 ； 浮動抵押 ； 浮動抵押權 ； 擔保 ； 擔保權 ； 浮動擔保

並列摘要

The floating mortgage is a word equivalent to floating lien. The object of mortgage, due to the influence of the theorem of specification of real right object, is generally thought that our country does not acknowledge the floating mortgage which is unspecific in object. However, the elasticity of floating mortgage object may fully utilize collateral for finance, and has significant function for fund raising for business administration. The criteria concerning obtaining the loan regarding Taiwan set by the World Bank indicate that there is no floating mortgage. Thus it affects the rating of Taiwan investment environment. Compared to our country, article 181 and 189 of China's Property Act already provide floating mortgage. How to introduce the floating mortgage system to increase the channels for the enterprise to finance, and enhance the rating of the World Bank regarding Taiwan investment environment, is worthy of exploration.The second part of this article first introduces the meaning and effect of floating mortgage, and is to be the basis of further discussion. The third part narrates the similarities and differences between ordinary mortgage and floating mortgage, and stresses that the jurisprudence behind this two legal regime law is the same. The fourth part explores the necessity of floating mortgage from borrower and lender of capital. The fifth part emphasizes the feasibility to adopt floating mortgage from the common rule between ordinary mortgage and floating mortgage. The sixth part proposes the theoretical model of floating mortgage. The seventh part summarizes the full text, proposes this article's conclusion.

並列關鍵字

mortgage ； floating mortgage ； floating lien