Sport Attitudes across Cultures: Socialization Process through Family, Education, and Societal Agents

不同文化中的運動態度及其社會化過程

高立學(Li-Shiue Gau)

《運動知識學報》 5期 (2008/09) Pp. 152-161

https://doi.org/10.29596/BGYY.200809.0015

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to better understand the construct of sport attitudes across cultures, and how such attitudes are socialized through family, education, and societal agents. Research questions were: (1) How do people cultivate their sport attitudes? (2) What are persons' sport attitudes? (3) How do people describe their sport attitudes? (4) How do sport attitudes vary across cultures? This study was a qualitative exploration, applying a heuristic inquiry as the theoretical framework and using interviews and survey forms to collect data. Eight undergraduate students from the US and one graduate student from Japan attending FSU participated in the interviews. Fourteen undergraduate students at FSU responded to an open-ended survey. The researcher coded the data and categorized the list of codes. The findings were validated by a triangulation process including cross interviews and survey validation, and inter-rater reliability. Results revealed three groups of themes. The first group answered the first and fourth research. questions and included three emerged themes: socializing agents and agencies, culture, and personal factors. These themes could be viewed as the antecedents of sport attitudes. Examples of socializing agents and agencies were family members, peers, and schools. The category of culture was comprised of types of sports, social structure, economic situation, and people's spare time activities. Personal factors were consisted of personal talent, health conditions, and personality. The answers to the second research questions were shown in the second group of emerged themes including: metaphors about sports, feelings about sports, and attitudes toward athletes and professional players. Examples of metaphors were exciting books, cartoons, and soap operas. Feelings and attitudes could be positive, neutral, or negative. Finally, the third group of emerged themes, answering the third research question, included: purposes, ways to be involved, and reasons not to be involved. They were consequences of sport attitudes, describing why, how, and how often people are involved in sports or why not involved.

並列關鍵字

Sport attitudes ； Socialization ； Qualitative method ； Heuristic inquiry