中國主要機場營運績效之研究

A Performance Study on the Major Airports in China

單慧貞(Hui-Chen Shan) ； 劉元璟(Yuan-Jiing Liou)

《東亞論壇》 458期 (2007/12) Pp. 23-35

https://doi.org/10.29705/EAR.200712.0002

摘要

本研究採資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) CCR模式、BCC模式，以三個投入項（跑道數量、面積、停機位），三個產出項（起降架次、旅客人次、貨運量）評估中國14座主要機場2003至2006年的營運績效及規模報酬。並運用Malmquist生產力指數分析生產力變動趨勢，以敏感度分析，探討各項投入變數對於機場營運績效的影響關係。
研究結果顯示：（一）整體平均技術效率達0.656，顯示中國主要機場技術效率已達相當水準；（二）整體平均純技術效率達0.940，11座機場已達最佳純技術效率；（三）平均規模效率達0.701，上海浦東、北京首都、昆明巫家壩三座機場表現最佳且己達最適生產規模；（四）海口美蘭、福州長樂兩座機場呈現生產力遞減；（五）三個投入項對於各種效率均有影響，對於技術效率平均降幅達20%，跑道數量對於純技術效率的影響最大，面積和停機位則對於規模效率的影響最大。

關鍵字

機場 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 績效評估

並列摘要

This study employed DEA-CCR model and DEA-BCC model to evaluate the operational performance and Returns to Scale（RTS）of 14 main airports in China during 2003-2006. Malmquist index was applied to examine productivity changes. In addit ion, sensitivity analysis was used to identify the influences of individual input variable on these airports performance. Runways, areas and aprons are input variables. Movements, passengers and cargos are output variables.
Results of this study show: (1) the average technical efficiency is with a score of 0.656; (2) the average pure technical efficieny is with a score of 0.940 and scores of 11 airports achieve 1; (3) the average scale efficiency is with a score of 0.701; Putung airport in Shanghai, Shoutu airport in Peiching and Wuchiapa airport in Kunming experienced MPSS over the period time; (4) Meilan airport in Haikou and Changle airport in Fuchou had negative productivity changes; (5) number of runways had a direct impact on pure technical efficiency; areas and aprons had a direct impact on scale efficiency.

並列關鍵字

Airports ； DEA ； performance measurement

參考文獻

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