《公民與政治權利國際公約》基本權克減（derogate）措施之探討

The Research on the Provision of Derogation of Basic Human Rights in the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

胡慶山

《台灣國際法季刊》 9卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 73-121

https://doi.org/10.29799/TILQ.201209.0003

摘要

本論文將針對聯合國《公民與政治權利國際公約》基本權克減措施規定第四條條文，依照第四條的總論；第四條的條文、意義與解釋；第四條條款的制定經緯；克減措施的前提：威脅國民生存的公共緊急事態的存在；緊急事態的正式宣布；允許克減措施的各項限制條件，如適用範圍與各項例外、不可克減的各項權利、比例原則、符合國際法的其他各項義務、歧視的禁止、通告的義務（第四條第三項）等論點進行論述，並論及委員會的各項權限與實踐，包括政府報告的審查、各項的個人來文。同時，本論文將討論第四條的各項保留，並就與日本緊急事態法體制的關係進行討論。

關鍵字

基本權克減措施 ； 不可克減權利 ； 比例原則 ； 歧視的禁止 ； 緊急事態法體制

並列摘要

This paper will address the Provision of Derogation of Basic Human Rights in the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article IV, discussed in accordance with the following arguments: the remarks of Article IV (I), the provisions, meaning and interpretation of Article IV(II), the historical background of the provisions of Article IV (III), the premis of derogation measures: the threat of national survival in time of public emergency exists; emergency situation announced, the restrictions allowing derogation measures: the scope and exceptions: non-derogable rights; the principle of proportionality; meeting other obligations under international law; the prohibition of discrimination; notificating obligations: the Committee's authorities and practice: reviewing the government report and the personal communications, the reservations of the Article IV, and the relations with Japanese emergency law regime, on behalf of the Conclusion.

並列關鍵字

derogation measures of basic human rights ； non-derogable rights ； the principle of proportionality ； the prohibition of discrimination ； emergency law regime

參考文獻

李鴻禧(1987)。國家緊急權之憲法法理─從國家安全法之釐定談起─。文星。一○四，51。

宮崎繁樹編(1979)。國際人權規約。日本評論社。

宮崎繁樹編集代表(1988)。国際人権規約先例集─規約人権委員会精選決定集第一集。東信堂。

Conte, Alex,Burchill, Richard(2009).Defining Civil and Political Rights-The Jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee.ashgate.

Bossuyt, Marc J.(1987).Guide to the "travaux préparatoires" of the International Covenan on Civil and Political Rights.Dordrecht: