The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the application of behavioral modification at gradually eliminating inappropriate behavior on the part of a schizophrenia patient with mild mental retardation. During the nursing period, through observation records and interview, we defined problematic behavior and drew up a behavioral agreement with the patient and his family. By application of behavioral modification techniques, such as positive reinforcement, punishment, a token economic system and shaping, and with acceptance, concern, demonstration and rehearsal, we tried to help the patient to establish new adaptive behavior. After two months of application of this strategy, the patient revealed no more inappropriate behavior, and showed appropriate need expression techniques and good self control, and the family was able to participate more fully and more capably in his care. This nursing experience may serve as a helpful reference in future professional mental health practice.