體能活動介入對社區高齡者功能性體適能之影響

Effect of Physical Activity on Functional Fitness for Elderly in Community

陳秀惠(Hsiu-Hui Chen) ； 林品瑄(Pin-Hsuan Lin) ； 楊尚育(Shang-Yu Yang) ； 李雅珍(Ya-Chen Lee)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 13卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 71-82

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.201712_13(2).0002

摘要

背景：全球性人口高齡化的結果使得各國的醫療經費大為提昇，這高齡化現象伴隨著高齡者缺乏體能活動及不良體適能之現象，這些因子乃是預測高齡者失去生活獨立性、罹患慢性疾病、甚至死亡的重要指標。目的：本研究目的有二：1.探討12週體能活動介入是否能有效促進社區高齡者之功能性體適能；2.探討體能活動介入前的人口學變項與介入後功能性體適能改變量之相關性。方法：採方便取樣，針對高雄某樂齡中心之60歲以上高齡者，進行為期12週，每週1次，每次50分鐘體能活動，並於執行體能活動介入前後進行功能性體適能之檢測。使用描述性統計來呈現參與者的基本資料，成對樣本t檢定(Paired t-test)來檢定體能活動介入後對參與者體型與功能性體適能六個項目的成效。Spearman's rho test與Pearson's r相關係數來檢驗參與者人口學變項與功能性體適能各項目的改變量之相關性。結果：本研究參與者人數共112人，分別為男性19人女性93人。在12週體能活動介入後，女性在腰圍與臀圍有顯著的減少（腰圍從83.42公分至82.13公分；臀圍從94.85公分至93.68公分，p ＜ .01）。所有參與者在「坐椅站立」與「原地踏步」兩個項目有顯著的進步（坐椅站立從15.37次至20.47次；原地踏步從83.10步至100.05步，p ＜ .01）。女性在「坐椅體前彎」與「抓背測驗」有顯著的進步（坐椅體前彎從8.45公分至12.40公分；抓背測驗從-2.11公分至-0.15 公分，p ＜ .01）。此外，性別與「坐椅體前彎」的改變量有正相關( r = .33 ; p ＜ .01)；年齡與「原地踏步」的改變量有負相關(r = -.26; p ＜ .01)。結論：12週的體能活動介入可有效提升高齡者們的下肢肌力與心肺功能。整體而言，透過規律的體能活動來建立高齡者運動習慣，可降低肥胖與增進功能性體適能。

關鍵字

體能活動 ； 高齡者 ； 功能性體適能

並列摘要

Background: Aging growth might contribute importantly to the rise in health care costs. A lack of physical activity and poor physical fitness could accelerate aging deterioration. Both, physical activity and physical fitness, are two important predictors in predicting the level of independence, chronic disease conditions, or even the mortality rate in elderly. Objective: The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to explore whether a 12-Weeks of physical activity intervention could effectively improve the functional physical fitness of the elderly in the community; (2) to explore the correlations between the demographic variables before intervention and the changes of functional physical fitness after interventions. Methods: The study used convenience sampling, the participants were recruited from a senior center in Kaohsiung. Participants, aged over 60 years, attended 50 minutes physical activity sections, once a week, for 12 weeks. The functional physical fitness test was administered to the participants before and after the interventions. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the participants’ information. Paired t-test was used to examine the effectiveness of the six items of functional physical faintness before and after the interventions. Spearman’s rho test and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the correlation between the demographic variables before intervention and the changes of functional physical fitness. Results: A total of 112 participants (19 males, 93 females) participated in this study. After a 12-Weeks of physical activity intervention, the results showed that a significant reduction in waist circumference and hip (waist circumference from 83.42 cm to 82.13 cm; hip range from 94.85 cm to 93.68 cm, p ＜ .01) in female participants. All participants had significant improvement in the ＂chair stand test＂ and ＂2-minute step test＂ (chair stand test from number 15.37 to 20.47; 2-minute step test from 83.10 steps to 100.05 steps, p ＜ .01). Female participants had significant improvement in ＂chair sit-and reach test＂ and ＂back scratch test＂ (chair sit-and reach test from 8.45 cm to 12.40 cm; back scratch test from -2.11 cm to -0.15 cm, p ＜ .01). In addition, the gender was positively correlated with the improvement of ＂chair sit-and reach test＂ (r = .33; p ＜ .01); the age was negatively correlated with the improvement of ＂2-minute step test ＂ (r = -.26; p ＜ .01). Conclusion: The 12-Weeks of physical activity intervention has shown the effectiveness in improving the lower limb muscle strength and cardiopulmonary function in elderly. Overall, the physical activity could be used as a motivational modality to promote the exercise habits in elderly, which in turn may improve the functional physical fitness in elderly.

並列關鍵字

physical activity ； elderly person ； functional physical fitness