體能活動介入對日間照顧中心失智症高齡者體適能之成效

Effect of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness for Day-care Elderly with Dementia

陳秀惠(Hsiu-Hui Chen) ； 林品瑄(Pin-Hsuan Lin) ； 楊尚育(Shang-Yu Yang) ； 李雅珍(Ya-Chen Lee)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 14卷2期 (2018/12) Pp. 101-110

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.201812_14(2).0004

摘要

背景：失智症高齡者其身體活動量與體適能表現，通常比一般高齡者或輕度認知障礙者明顯較差，因此也加重了照顧者的負擔。透過體能活動介入失智症高齡者的體適能，我們可以促進其肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、走路功能、柔軟度、平衡能力與協調能力外，進一步可預防跌倒的發生、延緩獨立生活明顯失能、減輕照顧者負擔與提升生活品質。目的：本研究目的在探討日間照顧中心的失智症高齡者之體適能，經12週體能運動介入後之成效。方法：採方便取樣，針對高雄某日間照顧中心之60歲以上輕／中度失智者，進行為期12週，每週1次，每次60分鐘體能活動，並於執行體能活動介入前後進行體適能檢測。結果：在身體組成和體型方面，失智高齡者的前後測身體質量指數、腰圍與臀圍值並無顯著差異。在體適能六個項目中，在30秒連續坐椅站立測驗、30秒肱二頭肌屈舉測驗與坐椅體前彎三個項目，失智高齡者有顯著的進步（p ＜. 05～.01）。在剩下其它三個體適能項目則無顯著進步。結論：透過12週的體能活動介入，對這些日間照顧中心的失智症高齡者之體適能，包括上肢肌力與下肢柔軟度有顯著成效。因此，建議未來在日間照顧中心可提供體能活動來維持或改善失智症高齡者之體適能。

關鍵字

體能活動 ； 失智症高齡者 ； 體適能

並列摘要

Background: As the consequence of the dementia, the physical activity and physical fitness of elderly with dementia are significantly lower than the healthy counterparts. Declining health of elderly with dementia could impose a great burden on the caregivers. Through engaging in physical activity and physical fitness, the muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility could be improved in elderly with dementia. Effectiveness of muscle strengthening could assist in preventing falls which may lead to a better quality of life. Purpose: This study aimed to probe the effectiveness of a 12-week physical fitness intervention in elderly with dementia in Geriatric Day Care Center. Methods: Participants were recruited via convenience sampling from a Geriatric Day Care Center in Kaohsiung. Participants, aged over 60 years with mild to moderate dementia, attended 60- minute physical activity sections, once a week, for 12 weeks. The physical fitness test was administered to the participants before and after the interventions. Results: A total of 30 participants (11 males, 19 females) participated in this study. After a 12-Week of physical activity section, the results showed no difference in Body Mass Index (BMI), waist, and hip circumferences before and after interventions. All participants had significant improvement in the ＂30-s chair stand test＂, ＂arm curl test＂, and ＂chair sit-and-reach test＂ (p ＜ .05~.01). No significant difference was found in the rest of 3 physical fitness items (6-min walk, 2-min step, and back scratch). Conclusion: The 12-Week of physical activity intervention has shown the effectiveness in improving the muscle strength of upper and the flexibility of lower limb function in elderly with dementia in the Geriatric Day Care Center.

並列關鍵字

Physical activity ； Elderly with dementia ； Physical fitness