互文‧記憶‧原型：高一志《則聖十篇》與《十慰》的證道故事取材初探

Intertextuality, Memory, and Archetype: A Preliminary Study on the Source Texts of exempla in Alfonso Vagnone's Zesheng shipian and Shiwei

林熙強(Hsi-chiang Lin)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 25期 (2018/06) Pp. 47-91

摘要

證道故事是耶穌會士解釋教義常用的修辭設計，更是敷文析理的利器。高一志(Alfonso Vagnone, c. 1566-1640)深諳修辭學，是耶穌會中施譬說理的箇中翹楚，而他在華的譯著中，無論具宗教文學性質者如《聖母行實》(1629)等，或具介紹西方倫理學性質者如《童幼教育》(c. 1628)等，也可見證道故事滿載。高氏譯著大多成書於振鐸絳州時期，而其中《則聖十篇》(c. 1628-1630)與《十慰》(c. 1628-1630)二書，學界目前並未見較為深入的研究。高氏在這兩部譯著中徵引的證道故事，其原型或為晚明初次登場的希臘神話與史詩情節，又或出自文藝復興時期的歐洲證道故事或歷史軼事集；而其原型經過會士的衍繹變化，又使同一則證道故事還可見於其他耶穌會士譯著甚至高氏的其餘作品中。本文擬由這兩部學界尚未深究的宗教作品入手，耙梳其中幾則中譯證道故事在西方文學典籍中的原型，以及和其他耶穌會士譯著間的的相互關係，並輔以敘事學理論中的「互文性」概念解釋這樣的證道故事網絡。

關鍵字

證道故事 ； 高一志 ； 《則聖十篇》 ； 《十慰》 ； 互文性

並列摘要

Excerpting exempla is a common rhetorical device for Jesuits in their expounding of Christian doctrine, and is also an efficient instrument in the reasoning and verification of religious tenets. Well versed in Rhetoric, Alfonso Vagnone (c. 1566-1640) was outstanding among his Jesuit peers in making use of analogous comparisons as exemplifications to reason things out. Within his Chinese writings and translations-either works of religious literature, e.g., Shengmu xingshi [Vita of the Virgin Mary, 1629], or works introducing Western Ethics, e.g., Tongyou jiaoyu [On the Education of Children, c. 1631]- exempla can be seen all over in this wise. Most of Vagnone's works were completed during his mission in Jiangzhou, Shanxi (1624-40); among these works, the target texts here, Zesheng shipian [Ten Discourses of Gao Ze-sheng, c. 1628-30] and Shiwei [Ten Consolations, c. 1628-30], are still wanting of in-depth research. The archetype of exempla quoted in these two works include plots of Greek mythology and epics, and Renaissance European collections of exempla or historical anecdotes, etc. Some of those exemplary conducts and illustrative personages were making their debut to late-Ming readers, while some others already showed up and would appear in later Jesuits' works, or even, in the rest of Vagnone's works again. This paper aims at groping for the archetype of some exempla excerpted by Vagnone in Zesheng shipian and Shiwei, and at sorting out the interrelationship between these recurring variants and adaptations of a same archetype. What is more, this paper tries to explicate the aforementioned phenomenon of a cross-referencing network by the theory of intertextuality.

並列關鍵字

exemplum ； Alfonso Vagnone ； Zesheng shipian ； Shiwei ； Intertextuality

參考文獻

吳相湘 Xiang - xiang Wu 編 。 《 天主教東傳文獻三編 》 Tianzhujiao dongchuan wenxian sanbian [The Third Collection of Documents on the Spread of Catholicism in the East] • 六冊 [6 vols.] • Taipei] : 臺灣學生書局 [Taiwan Student Book Co. Ltd.] 1984 · 【文中引用 , 以 《 三編 》 簡稱之 。 】 ,

[ 明 ] 李之藻 Zhi - zao Li 輯 。 《 天學初函 》 Tianue chuhan [ First Collection of Writings on Heavenly Learning] • 六冊 [6 vols.] •臺北：臺灣學生書局 [Taiwan Student Book Co. Ltd.] 1965 •

中國宗教歷史文獻集成編纂委員會 The Editorial Committee of the Collection of Historical Documents on Chinese Religion 編纂周燮藩 Xie - fan Zhou 主編 。 《 中國宗教歷史文獻集成 》 系列之三 Zhongguo zongjiao lishi wenxian jicheng xilie zhi san [Collection of Historical Documents on Chinese Religion, the Third Series] • 王美秀 Mei-xiu Wang • 任延黎 Yan-li Ren 分卷主編。《東傳福音》 Dongchuan fuyin [Gospels to the East] •二十五冊 [25 vols.] • 合肥 [Hefei] : 黃山書社 [Huangshan Publishing House] 2005 。 【 文中引用 , 以 《 東傳福音》簡稱之 。 】

鐘鳴旦 Nicolas Standaert、杜鼎克 Adrian Dudink、蒙曦 Nathalie Monnet 主編。 《 法國國家圖書館明清天主教文獻 》 Faguo guojia tushuguan mingqing tianzhujiao wenxian [Chinese Christian Texts from the National Library of France ] 。 二十六冊 [26 vols. ] 。 臺北 : 臺北利氏學社 [ Taipei Ricci Institute ] , 2009 。 【 文中引用 , 以 《 法國圖 》 簡稱之 。 】

鐘鳴旦、杜鼎克編。《耶穌會羅馬檔案館明清天主教文獻》Yesuhui Luoma danganguan mingqing tianzhujiao wenxian [Chinese Christian texts from the Roman archives of the Society of Jesus]。十二冊 [12 vols.]。臺北︰臺北利氏學社，2002。【文中引用，以《耶檔館》簡稱之。】