營造正向護理執業環境之現況剖析及改善策略

An Analysis of Nursing Environment and Strategies to Create Positive Practice Environment in Taiwan

梁鈞瑜(Chun-Yu Liang) ； 楊嘉禎(Chia-Chen Yang) ； 王桂芸(Kwua-Yun Wang)

《源遠護理》 9卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 19-25

https://doi.org/10.6530/YYN/2015.5.03

摘要

近年來由於人民的健康照護需求增加及護理人力短缺，使得護理人員工作負荷過重，造成護理人員不願留在職場，已對健康照護體系造成極大的衝擊。WHO及ICN提出促進正向執業環境的策略，期望透過執業環境的改善，增加護理人員執業意願並能發揮專業能力，提供病人完善的照護品質。本文依據文獻提出正向護理執業環境的意義及促進正向護理執業環境的策略。此外，國內的護理執業環境現況、政府及護理專業團體推行之相關改善措施與成效亦提出討論。期望本文能作為促進正向執業環境之參考，以增加護理人員留任意願、完善的薪資福利及合理的工作負荷，進而維持病人照護品質及病人安全。

關鍵字

護理 ； 正向執業環境 ； 護病比

並列摘要

This article describes the context and strategies to create a positive nursing practice environment, discusses current nursing work environment in Taiwan, and list the policies, strategies and outcomes from both government and professional organizations for the promotion of a positive practice environment. The increased health care needs and nurses' workloads drove nurses away from the workforce and the nursing shortage has negatively impacted the health care system. World Health Organization and International Council of Nurses recommended strategies to create a positive practice environment to increase nurses' retention rate, to promote professional nursing competence, and to improve quality of patient care. This article may be used as a reference to promote a positive practice environment, to increase nurses' retention, to improve salary and benefits, and to build a reasonable workforce structure to ensure quality of patient care and safety.

並列關鍵字

Nursing ； positive practice environment ； nurse-to-patient ratio

參考文獻

Lake, E. T. (2002). Development of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index. Research in Nursing & Health, 25(3), 176-188. doi:10.1002/nur.10032

Twigg, D., & McCullough, K. (2014). Nurse reten-tion: a review of strategies to create and en-hance positive practice environments in clinical settings. International Journal of Nursing Stud-ies, 51(1), 85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.

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林秋芬、黃仲毅、高靖秋、盧美秀（2013）．台灣護理人力短缺與留任措施．護理雜誌，60（3），88-92。

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