自我、空間與文化主體的流動／認同－以女詞人呂碧城（1883-1943）的散文為範圍

呂碧城向有「近代女詞人第一」的美稱，因此後人對呂碧城詩詞方面的研究亦已有相當成果。相對而言，呂碧城的散文成就多為其詩詞成績所遮蔽。因此，本文擬全面而有系統的研究呂碧城的「散文」成就，以補（文學）史之闕。其散文涵括以下幾類主題，一是女學（女子教育），二是行旅遊蹤，三是佛教與護生∕蔬食因緣，四是夢境與靈異等主題。茲以呂碧城散文話語的流動現象，以討論她的主體價值。一是變換的身分，從投身公共領域成為女報人與教育家，乃至皈依為佛教徒；其人生由亢奮的革命激情到慈悲的護生戒殺，展現多樣化的流動履歷。二是流動的主體，移動於虛實不同空間的女遊體驗，既漫遊不同國度，也出入夢境∕靈異的邊緣；移動於虛實空間中的體驗，展現其無限寬廣的生命空間之可能。三是對文化主體的確認與游移，呂碧城對自身文化既有一定的堅持，對西方價值的認識亦有所選擇。既表現在其人對五四後全面改用白話文的反對立場上，也表現在對國人過度崇尚英文的批判上。然而，她又表現出一種自我悖離的態度，堅守文言文，卻也曾寫過唯一一篇白話創作；雖批判過度使用英文的媚外風氣，但英語的優勢卻又讓她得享西式生活的便利與奢華。綜合以上，呂碧城流動的散文話語，除了展現一代才女叛離傳統的新世代姿態之外，也多方呈露她自閨閣出走後的自我轉化歷程，且為自我主體賦予了現代性意義；其人因此堪稱晚清民初知識女性的典範人物。

關鍵字

呂碧城；近現代文學；女性文學；文化主體；自我認同

並列摘要

Lu Bicheng呂碧城has always been ”modern first poetess ”Reputation, therefore, the descendants of study for Lu Bicheng poems and there has been considerable success. In contrast, achievements in Prose to cover up more than her poetry achievements. Therefore, Therefore, this article intends to study systematically the prose achievement of Lu Bicheng, to fill the vacancies of (literary) history. The theme of her prose covers the following categories, First, women's education. Second, travel and tours. Three, Buddhism and protection of life / Vegetarian karma. Four, dreams and the supernatural. In the flow phenomena of Lu Bicheng prose discourse, to discuss the value of her principal. Firstly, transform identity, she engaged the public domain, become a female newspaper editor and educator, and even convert to the Buddhist; her life by the passion of the excitement of the revolution to the mercy of protection of life and not killing show a variety of flow of biographical. Secondly, the flow of the main body, female travel experience move to the virtual and actual space, both roaming the different countries, but also go in and out of dream / supernatural edge; moving experience in the virtual and actual space, to show the possibility of infinitely broad life space. Thirdly, the recognition and wavering of cultural subjects, Lu Bicheng has insist to own culture, and western values are also selected. Is manifested not only in she was opposed to the full switch to the vernacular after the May Fourth Movement, also in the criticism of the Chinese people over advocating English. However, she showed a self depart from the attitude, both adhere to the classical, but also wrote the only one vernacular creation; although criticism of the excessive use of English capitulation atmosphere, but the advantages of the English, but let she enjoy the Western life convenience and luxury. Based on the above, the flowing prose discourse of Lu Bicheng, in addition to show talented womon renegade traditional attitude of the new generation, but also multiple rendering after her run away from the boudoir of self-transformation of the course, given modern meaning for subjects; So she called a model of the late Qing & Early years of the Republic knowledge of women characters. So she deserves to be called a model characters of knowledge of women in the late Qing Dynasty & early Republican era.