郭店楚簡(特殊字元略)之研究

A Study on the Chinese Character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" of "the Bamboo Slips of Guodian"

彭慧賢(Hui-Hsien Peng)

《明道通識論叢》 6期 (2009/05) Pp. 65-85

https://doi.org/10.6954/MJGE.200905.0065

摘要

1993年湖北荊門市挖掘郭店一號楚墓，經整理「有字竹簡」爲703枚，另有殘簡27枚，總字數約12072字；其年代屬戰國中期偏晚，內容則有〈老子〉、〈太一生水〉、〈緇衣〉、〈五行〉、〈尊德義〉、〈六德〉等16篇，上述竹簡原與標題，今日所見標題爲整理者依據簡文內容所擬訂。此批楚簡問世以後引發學界熱烈討論，當中「特殊字元略」見〈老子甲〉簡11、〈老子乙〉簡6、〈老子丙〉簡11、〈緇衣〉簡15、〈性自命出〉簡38、〈六德〉簡41、〈語叢二〉簡40與簡50、〈語叢三〉簡59，昔日學者對此字之隸定、字形來源頗具爭議，故本文檢視各家學法後，得出：其一、「特殊字元略」非源自甲骨文「特殊字元略」與「特殊字元略」、「特殊字元略」。其二、「特殊字元略」不應被隸定成「達」，因郭店楚簡「達」寫作「特殊字元略」、「特殊字元略」、「特殊字元略」、其三、郭店楚簡「特殊字元略」應隸定「特殊字元略」，從傳世本《老子》、《禮記•緇衣》、上博楚竹書〈緇衣〉、〈曾沬之陳〉等篇，皆能證明「特殊字元略」讀爲「失」。

關鍵字

郭店楚簡 ； 字形來源 ； 文字隸定 ； (特殊字元略)之用法

並列摘要

In 1993, archaeologists discovered 703 entire and 27 broken pieces of bamboo slips (350-300 BC) with 12,072 Chinese characters from No. 1 tomb in Guodian, Hubei, China, named ”the Bamboo slips of Guodian”. The content of these bamboo slips concern with 16 topics such as ”Lao Zi”, ”Taiyishengshui”, ”Zhiyi”, ”Wixing”, ”Zundeyi” and ”Liude”. In the manuscripts, there is no subject on it and be added recently by experts according to the content. These bamboo slips have attracted large amount of people to research it. The Chinese character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” is shown frequently in the follows: slip 11 of ”Lao Zi, part A”, slip 6 of ”Lao Zi, part B”, slip 11 of ”Lao Zi, part C”, slip 18 of ”Zhiyi”, slip 38 of ”Xingzimingchu”, slip 41 of ”Liude”, slip 40 and 50 of ”Yu Cong II” and slip 59 of ”Yu Cong Ⅲ”. However, the definitions and translations of the character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”are still controversies. In this article, we have three conclusions. First, the character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” is not originated from oracle bone inscriptions characters ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”, ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”and ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”. Second, the character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” can not be translated as modem character ”逹”. Since the characters ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”, ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” and ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” can be translated as the modem character ”逹” in the Bamboo slips of Gaudian”. Finally, the character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” should be translated as”(The particular notation is abbreviated)” in these manuscripts. In addition, the pronunciation of the character ”失” is the same as the modem character ”(The particular notation is abbreviated)”. The evidences can be found in ”Lao Zi”, ”Li Ji, vol. Zhiyi”, ”Zhiyi” and ”Cao mei zhi chenn” in ”Chu bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum” etc.

並列關鍵字

the Bamboo slips of Guodian ； definitions and translations ； morphological evolution ； word usage of (The particular notation is abbreviated)