兩岸大學專利活動之比較研究

A Cross-Strait Comparative Study on Univesity Patenting Activties

王美雅(Mei-Ya Wang) ； 陳保秀(Pao-Hsiu Chen) ； 陳欽雨(Chin-Yeu Chen)

《商管科技季刊》 12卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 263-290

https://doi.org/10.30083/CMQ.201109.0002

摘要

隨著兩岸往來與人才交流愈漸密切，兩岸三地大學競爭已經愈漸白熱化。在美國通過拜杜法案(Bayh-Dole Act)後，大學研究朝向產業化方向發展，大學所取得專利之質與量已經成為競爭力的重要指標，過去大學專利研究多數著重於單一國家調查，有關兩岸大學在專利發展方面比較仍缺乏相關研究；其次，目前產學合作的研究多從大學技術移轉的角度切入；然而，隨著兩岸企業研發能量成長，若大學能在研發或專利申請階段就與企業合作，對大學知識創造和國家整體創新都有相當助益。本研究以美國專利資料庫為基礎，檢索兩岸大學（含港、澳地區）在2000年到2009年底的專利獲准數和被引證數，探討兩岸大學近年來在專利發展的趨勢，並從企業與大學共同申請的專利數了解產學合作的發展狀況。研究結果發現，在專利獲准數量與質量方面，台灣大學獲准專利總數量較大陸為多，但比較其在被引證篇數、次數及對國家整體貢獻比例上，則皆低於大陸。在專利排行方面，兩岸各大學聲望排名與大學專利核准數量排名，兩者具有相當一致性；但是，台灣的專利獲准數均勻分佈於各大學間，而大陸方面則明顯較集中在少數大學；在產學合作方面，大陸大學產業合作之密切程度略高於台灣之大學。

關鍵字

大學專利 ； 專利指標 ； 產學合作

並列摘要

As China and Taiwan has more and more interaction in all aspects, cross-strait universities will face fierce competition. Since the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 led the research of U.S. universities toward industrial applications, the quantity and quality of university patents have become one of the critical indicators of University competitiveness. Most research on university patents focus on single country survey, there is still no empirical data about cross-strait comparison. Furthermore, most research regards ”University-Industry Collaboration” as ”technology transfer”. However, as cross-strait enterprises grow in R&D capabilities, if university and industry can collaborate while they are doing R&D or applying patents, which might benefit universities and overall national innovation system. This study conducted the search and retrieval by classifying and accounting the number of patent documents and the patent citation ratio based on the database of USPTO patent from 2000 to 2009. Besides, the status of the industry-university cooperation by the patent acquisition was also explored. The results indicated that the patent granted quantity of Taiwan's universities was higher than that of Mainland China, but the patent granted quality of Taiwan's universities seemed to be lower than the universities in China. Moreover, the finding showed that the rank of university reputation was quite consistent with the order of universities' patent quantity granted by US. In general, the number of patents was quite even distributed among universities in Taiwan, where in contrast, numerous patents were acquired by only a few universities in Mainland China. However, unlike Taiwan, there were close links between enterprises and universities in Mainland China.

並列關鍵字

University patent ； Patent indicators ； University-Industry collaboration

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