知識論體系的糾結與理智復歸

本文旨在探討西洋哲學發展上某些重要的知識論體系，如經驗論、素樸實在論、觀念論與批判實在論等，彼此之間理論的內在糾結的關係。我們以郎尼根在《洞察》中的觀點為起點，說明各個理論體系演變的關鍵點為何。另一方面，我們也討論了回歸明智與合理之認知體系的可能性。本文認為，上述理論間存在著某種「遠親」與「近鄰」的關係，正因如此，也就存在著往合理與明智體系過渡的可能性與傾向，而其最終結局就是達到本文探取的批判實在論立場。本文強調，由於批判實在論含納了經驗論與觀念論的正確性，揚棄其某些側重的缺點，這將使得認知復歸於明智與合理成為可能。

關鍵字

經驗論；觀念論；素樸實在論；批判實在論；郎尼根；認知結構；視域；理智復歸

並列摘要

The main purpose of this article is to explore the complex relationship among empiricism, naïve realism, idealism and critical realism, which are important movements in the development of western philosophy. We begin with Bernard Lonergan's viewpoint, developed in Insight, to explain the reasons why such systems emerge and change. We then discuss the possibility of intellectual conversion. We suggest that there exist certain family resemblances in the theories mentioned above. Thus there is the possibility and tendency to move toward a form of realism that is intelligent and reasonable. And at the end we arrive at our position of critical realism. We assert in this article that critical realism preserves the correct positions in empiricism and idealism but abandons their weak points. This opens the possibility of the return to intelligence and reason, which is intellectual conversion.