國小五年級學童個人歌曲創作過程之研究

The Composing Processes of Fifth-Graders' Songwriting

陳虹苓(Hung-Ling Chen)

《藝術研究期刊》 13期 (2017/12) Pp. 1-50

摘要

國際音樂教育工作者極為熱衷於提供學生學習機會以提升音樂創造力，開發此一能力需透過音樂創作。然而音樂創作教學理念與實際教學之間有落差。本研究欲了解一班國小五年級學童在課堂情境中進行個人歌曲創作的作曲過程，以做為實際教學之參考。經由個案研究法、內容分析法與量表調查法，本研究發現(1)音樂背景是影響創作過程的重要因素之一，大部分學童的創作過程可說是一個連續體。(2)大部分小五學童進行歌曲創作確實呈現準備期、醞釀期、豁朗期、驗證期四階段歷程，然而學童個人創作各階段所需時程卻因不同音樂背景而有差異，且醞釀期、豁朗期、驗證期三階段間並非瞬間明確轉換到下一階段，常是浮現交互來回影響的模糊重疊段落，且作曲創思常往返於醞釀期與豁朗期之間。(3)不同類型音樂評分者有一致性信度，顯示共識化評量技法適用於審評學童個人歌曲創作。不同類型音樂評分者的文字評語可看出，各音樂專家評分雖有一致性信度，但各有自己的評審方向與標準。

關鍵字

音樂創造力 ； 音樂創作 ； 共識化評量技法

並列摘要

International music educators are enthusiastic about providing learning opportunities to enhance students' musical creativity, which can be accomplished through music composition. However, the teaching of music composition in real classroom context nowadays is less than expectation. The goal of this study was to understand the individual songwriting processes of fifth-graders in the same class, in order to offer references for practical music teaching. Through case study, content analysis and rating scale survey, several results were found: (1) musical background and context was one of important factors to influence composing processes; for most student subjects, their composing processes appeared to be a continuum. (2) the composing processes of most fifth-graders in the research did show four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification; but their individual time span for each stage were different according to their musical background and context; incubation, illumination, and verification stages were overlapping with small ranges, in the ranges creative thinking moving back and forth, especially in between illumination, and verification stages. (3) the result of CAT indicated that different types of music experts showed the internal consistency of reliability, in other words, CAT was appropriate for evaluating fifth-graders' individual songwriting. The comments of music experts showed that each expert had his or her own standards for evaluation.

並列關鍵字

musical creativity ； music composition ； consensual assessment technique