清代臺灣賦中的放逐意識

Exile Ideology in Taiwan Fu of Ching Dynasty

林美清(Mei-Ching Lin)

《長庚人文社會學報》 4卷1期 (2011/04) Pp. 119-151

https://doi.org/10.30114/CGJHSS.201104.0004

摘要

放逐，爲文學領域一項重要的母題。就寫作而言，任何文本皆爲放逐的產物，因爲，作者透過虛實交錯的形式，營造出提供自我漫遊的空間。本文探討清代臺灣賦中的「放逐意識」，首先即以「書寫」爲出發點，並與空間、時間與史詩等議題進行對話。臺灣「賦」作爲抒發個人心緒的載體之外，其空間亦呈現出一體兩面的隱喻。其一，營造理想空間，大量書寫物產、山水與風俗，寄託個人生命意義的思索。其二，則係如實陳述現實世界中孤立無援的狀態，尤其透過臺灣四面環海的地理性，突顯出此特質的存在。再者，時間也是不容忽視的議題。時間作爲人類生命的容器，也存在觀念和生命意義的實踐。而清代臺灣賦中，「史詩」則爲時間意識的延伸。大量記載的歷史事件，可以解讀出「臺灣」的放逐性－皆爲流亡政權或亂賊的聚集地；再者，史詩也是表述政治認同的方式。放逐書寫必然存在著「返鄉」的命題。在清代臺灣賦中，也藉由歷史事件的追溯，進行滿清皇威的歌頌，進而達成政治信仰上的回歸。無論是山川物產的書寫、史詩的堆砌與空間的漫遊，臺灣賦中的放逐意識，即是一種從內由外的空間運動，也是由外向內探索生命意義的表述。

關鍵字

放逐意識 ； 清代 ； 臺灣賦 ； 空間 ； 時間 ； 史詩

並列摘要

Exile is an important generic subject of literary creation. For composition, any subject matter is the product of exile, since a self-wandering space is constructed through intertwining real and surreal forms. This article explores the ”exile ideology” in Taiwan Fu, discussing the issue of ”writing” as a starting point, combining the concept of exile with metaphysical points of view, and producing multiple conversations. Also included is the analysis of space and time in the context of exile ideology. The 'epic” aspect, as a result of the molding, is the acme of expression of the exile ideology and the core expression of the existential meaning.The intellectuals who came across the Strait (or who were native) to Taiwan used Fu to express their personal idea and, at the same time, engendered a double-faced psychological ideology. On the one hand, by depicting the native products, custom, and history, we are able to peak into the cultural nostalgia felt by the intellectuals toward China (the Ching Empire). On the other hand, having inspected over time, the exile ideology in Taiwan Fu expresses nostalgia in culture homage and the intention of desirous home-coming. Those Taiwanese intellectuals who felt exiled by the imperial court of China sought to accommodate themselves in the quarters of literary creation, constructing numerous eerie and magical spectacles, and implying the room of imagination for paradise like Tao Hua Yuan. Whether it is the depiction of scenery or display of native products, or the wandering in the reversal of linear time and fixed-point space, the exile ideology of Taiwan Fu is itself an inside-out extending movement of space and an expression of inward exploration of the meaning of life from the without.

並列關鍵字

Exile Ideology ； Ching Dynasty ； Taiwan Fu ； Space ； Time ； Epic

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