「文章四友」新論：以李嶠、崔融之應用文書寫為探討中心

文學史上向以李嶠、崔融、蘇味道及杜審言並稱「文章四友」，卻甚少關注其文章成就。本文以崔融、李嶠應用文書寫為探討中心，指出高宗、武后時期以崔融、李嶠為代表的「大手筆」作家因襲六朝綺靡華贍的風氣，風雅之道掃地，廟堂文風一度頗為不振。就文章的內容而言，徇功稱美、頌德稱獎的華而不實之辭大行其道，較為缺乏政教意義與真情實感的流露。李嶠、崔融的頌體文盡顯詞臣面貌，因而時代風會祥瑞觀念大量體現。當然，他們又是頌體與諫議之複合體，二人的奏議文為其文章增添了一種實在與亮色。總體來說，李嶠是撰寫謙詞雅語的行家裡手，頌揚主上極盡鋪張華麗之能事；與其相類，崔融亦立辭比事，潤色太平之業，但崔融的文章引經據典，博聞廣記，擅長使用「連珠體」式的排比句，尤喜愛三字句間插句中，句式富於變化。以文學成就而言，崔融較李嶠略勝一籌。本文由此申發認為「文章四友」中的「文章」兼指詩賦與文章，且偏重於指文，「崔、李、蘇、杜」的排序與其文章成就及在當時被認可的程度基本吻合。

關鍵字

文章四友；李嶠；唐代應用文；崔融

並列摘要

Li Qiao (李嶠), Cui Rong (崔融), Su Weidao (蘇味道), and Du Shenyan (杜審言) are called ”Wenzhang Siyou” (文章四友) or the Four Literary Friends in historical Chinese literature. However, little research on their achievements in prose writing has been done. This study focuses on Li Qiao and Cui Rong's practical prose because Su Weidao's and Du Shenyan's prose was not reserved. In Li and Cui's prose, beautiful and parallel styles worsen over time. Their ode declarations, merit epitaphs, and mourning appointments indicated their appointments as palace writers, and become continuation of the Six Dynasties. There were no political meanings or true feelings in their writing. Many auspicious ideas, which were used to praise Emperor Wu (武后), were in their prose. However, their memorial discussions containing various implications were their ”bright color.” Comparatively, Cui's literary achievements were more significant than Li's for several reasons. First, Cui's prose is richly embellished with allusions and quotations. Second, Cui is good at writing parallelisms in the Lianzhu (連珠)style. Third, his tendency for three-word sentences made his syntax more changeable. We further discuss ”wenzhang” (文章)in Wenzhang Siyou, which includes poetry and prose, but mainly examine the latter. The ranking of wenzhang siyou is consistent with the achievements of the four writers.