台灣國語童謠的文學特色

The Research of Mandarin Chinese Nursery Rhyme in Taiwan

簡憶雯(Yi-Wen Chien)

《東吳中文線上學術論文》 30期 (2015/06) Pp. 105-136

摘要

目前台灣的國語童謠來源可追溯至日治時期，在台灣光復後，1949年國民政府遷台，實施國語教育與教育普及，國語童謠因此廣為流傳，並成為台灣兒童間重要的口傳文學。國語童謠由句式、押韻、修辭等面向作形式分析，雖然童謠句式簡短、語言淺易，但仍有其文學特色。從大陸之傳統國語童謠與台灣國語童謠比較分析，台灣現今流傳之傳統國語童謠，與大陸國語童謠的有關；由變異的類型比較，台灣童謠在傳布過程中形成的變異情況，變異類型分為因民俗不同而改變、因脫漏與聯墜而改變、因音近而改變、因押韻而改變四種。國語童謠在台灣的變異，呈現出台灣在地的文化特色和民間文學的生命力。

關鍵字

童謠 ； 流傳 ； 形式 ； 變異

並列摘要

Some Mandarin nursery rhymes in Taiwan can be tracked back to Japanese colonization, but they were not yet widely spread and sung by the local people until the government finally took the land back from the Japanese in 1949. Because of the compulsory education by the government later on, the children could read and learn the nursery rhymes, so the rhymes were hence became the main oral literature among pupils. Although the songs are usually simple and short no matter in structure, rhyme, or lyrics, they do catch the beauty of the Mandarin literature. In this research, I will demonstrate how the nursery rhymes in Taiwan were originally influenced by the people in Mainland China from four angles: difference of customs, loss and combination of culture, similarity of language pronunciation, and choice of rhyme. The outcome of Taiwanese Mandarin nursery rhymes represent the vibe of the local culture and folk literature.

並列關鍵字

nursery rhymes ； spread ； modality ； variation