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論宗教改革時期馬丁路德反對農民戰爭之原因及結果

The Reason that Martin Ruther Objected the Peasant's War and Its Result

摘要


在一五二四到一五二五年之間發生於日爾曼的農民戰爭,就許多史家的研究確實可知社會經濟的變化與農民被地主壓迫為主要的原因,然而農民起義者對執政當局的呼籲以及對新教教義裡的正義王國在悲苦的生活下盼望這一天馬上到來因此付諸行動,但為何會被發起宗教革命的主事者馬丁路德,於新教理論成形期表示同情,卻在農民戰爭時大加反對呢?這是研究近代歐洲社會問題重要的環節,因為農民戰爭也影響了日爾曼各邦未來的統治方式以及導致新舊教對立加深的重要因素。本文章先說明十五世紀末、十六世紀初日爾曼的社會問題與發生農民戰爭的原因,再彙整前人著作說明為何馬丁路德的新教義會鼓舞農民發動戰爭,並且就戰爭的過程中出現的重要人士態度,於第三部分解釋馬丁路德不支持農民推翻世俗政府與現有社會機制的原因,最後在由戰爭結果與之後日爾曼發展與上面對映做出總結。

並列摘要


The Peasant's War transpired in a.d 1524 to a.d 1525 and through historians' research we now know more change of the economic conditions of the oppressed peasantry as the basis for the outbreak. Moreover, peasants in those days of economic depression sought a kingdom of, Justice. So, why in the end did Martin Ruther object to their uprising? This question is very important because that condition has affected the rule of Germany cities and worsened the lines of communication between Catholic and Protestent regions.In this article we will analyze why this happened during the Peasant's War and utilize many scholars' contributions to examine the salient grass roots aspects of this war, and understand why Martin Ruther opposed the peasantry's predominant point of view.

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