大專院校運動教練領導行為與團隊凝聚力關係研究之探討

Exercises Coach leadership Behavior and Team the Cohesiveness relate ToStudy of research

蔡貴蘭(Tsai, Kuei-Lan) ； 劉岳旻(Liu, Yue-Ming)

《運動健康休閒學報》 7期 (2016/04) Pp. 13-21

摘要

現今桌球比賽的競爭日趨於激烈，依性別不同的情況下在國內參賽隊伍逐年增加情況下，技術水準也不斷提升中，但對桌球而言，團隊的表現是致勝之要素。桌球是屬於團隊運動項目，無論在技術訓練、戰術戰略的應用及心理素質能力，與隊友間團隊合作精神，良好默契的配合，均需要長時間努力培養，以期望能爭取更好的成績，才能有效達到教練與選手預期的目標。在桌球運動競技中，教練是運動團隊裡最重要的領導者，為了提升選手技術能力與戰術運用及提升心理素質能力，教練必須對選手能力表現作出預測與判斷， 並提供必要的結果回饋與修正訊息。很多學者（Bird, 1977; Westres ＆ Weiss, 1991）指出：教練領導行為對於選手的改變或團隊表現具有關鍵性的因素。然而，團隊表現則藉由團隊凝聚力所產生出來，意指每位選手心連在一起，團隊成員同心協力，共同為達成團隊目標而努力的一種精神。而團隊凝聚力是選手對於教練領導團隊時，其領導之實際行為，使選手們願意配合並認同後所表現出來的力量。此外，也有研究發現不同層級和不同年齡層的選手，在知覺教練領導行為上有顯著差異存在本文藉由針對教練領導行為對團隊凝聚力影響之相關研究，探討桌球教練在團隊中所扮演角色及領導行為對團隊表現的相關影響，以及教練和選手之間如何影響團隊凝聚力的重要關鍵。

關鍵字

大專院校 ； 教練 ； 凝聚力

並列摘要

The table tennis competes at present of competition gradually at the vehemence, different according to sex and adopt the different condition of high net under under the sistuation that the home takes part in a game a troop to year by year increase, the technique level also continuously promotes in, but to table tennis, the performance of team is to winning of ingredient. The table tennis is to belong to the team exercise item, no matter train in the technique, application with strategic military tactics and mental character ability, cooperate the spirit with teammate team, concert of good tacit understanding, all needing long-term effort to develop can fight for the better result with expecting, so as to effectively reach the target of coach and contestant expectation. In the table tennis athletic sports, the coach is the most important exercise team inside leader, for promoting the contestant technique ability and military tactics usage and promote the mental character ability, the coach must make to predict and judge to the contestant ability performance, and provide a result feedback and correction message of necessity. A lot of scholars (Bird, 1977; Westres& Weiss, 1991) point out: The coach leads the behavior's change toward contestant or team performance to have a decisive factor. However, the team expresses then a cohesiveness by the team produce, mean each contestant heart to connect together, the member of the team makes concerted effort, together for reach a kind of spirit of team target and effort. And team when the cohesiveness is a contestant to lead team to the coach actual behavior of its leadership, the contestants would like to match with and approve behind express of strength. Also have in addition study and find a different grade and not of an age layer of contestant, lead the behavior in the consciousness coach up exist this text of notable difference by aiming at the coach leadership's behavior to the related research of team cohesiveness influence, inquire into the table tennis coach role and leadership behavior played are in the team to the related influence that team expresses, and how does the of coach and contestant influence the important key to team cohesiveness.

並列關鍵字

University ； Coaches ； Cohesivenesses