關鍵基礎設施風險評估機制之建立－以台北車站重要交通場站為例

關鍵基礎設施是維持國家運作的基本要素，當關鍵基礎設施發生災害時，可能會嚴重地影響到國家的安全和經濟發展及損失，尤其為關鍵基礎設施的災後恢復，更是需要投入大量的時間和資源，使得近年來關鍵基礎設施安全防護的議題，在國際之間備受注目，而綜觀國際上關鍵基礎設施防護的發展和成效與我國相比，目前我國卻尚未有成形且合適的防護機制。因而，本研究即針對關鍵基礎設施防護中較為重要的風險評估機制環節，選定國內人口流量、使用性和經濟收益相當高的台北車站共構空間為個案，參照美國關鍵基礎設施防護計畫的風險管理架構，利用能清楚建立資產關係的IDEF0方法來識別資產，並透過初步危害清單、初步危害分析和故障樹等風險評估方法來檢視出完整的潛在風險，以探討與發展一套初步適用我國的關鍵基礎設施風險評估機制，強化關鍵基礎設施的韌力並降低風險災害。

關鍵字

關鍵基礎設施；風險評估機制；台北車站共構空間

並列摘要

Modern societies are heavily depended on critical transportation infrastructure. Due to its open to public feature and heavy crowd in transportation facilities, security protection for transportation system is an extremely challenging task. A severe accident or disaster occurs will cause mass casualty, trigger psychological distress for the public, and effectively damage the image of government. As a result, critical transportation infrastructure has become a favorite target for terrorist attack. Contained by heavy traffic flows and crowd public travelers, Taipei Main Station (a 3-Rail Co-construction for Taiwan Railway, Taiwan High Speed Railway, and Taipei MRT) as a research target has been selected. The study will analyze Taipei Main Station's current risk status, hazard identification, and emergency response systems by using the method of IDEF0 and risk evaluation system of the Department of Homeland Security of USA. The skills of Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) were applied in the study for building the mechanism of risk evaluation system. Conclusions and suggestions were proposed based on examining the current risk status and emergency response systems.