以居家托育服務中心視角評析「托育一條龍」平價托育政策

Fair-Price Childcare Policy of Taichung City - An Evaluation based on Interviews with Supervisors of the Childcare Centers and Curriculum

張家卉(Chia-Hui Chang)

《兒童照顧與教育》 7期 (2017/09) Pp. 53-70

摘要

臺中市以「托育一條龍」為政策行銷名稱的平價托育政策，是以社會投資理念為核心，減輕家庭照顧負擔，提升婦女勞動參與率為目標的政策。本研究使用半開放式問卷訪談臺中市六個居家托育服務中心督導，透過問卷內容分析的方法，分類統整問卷內容，藉以瞭解「托育一條龍」政策實施對居家托育服務中心、托育人員、受托兒家長及受托嬰幼兒的正向效果及負向影響。研究結果顯示，從督導視角看政策的對居家托育服務中心的效果，家長需透過居家托育服務中心辦理托育媒合及托育補助費用申請，因而使得居家托育服務中心知名度提高；在越多人使用的規模經濟效益之下，中心的服務績效也相對提升。對托育人員而言，當家長比較願意將幼兒送托時，托育服務需求增加，托育人員收托幼兒的機會就會提升，收托狀況也會相對穩定。而對家長而言，政策補助減輕家長在育兒經濟上的負擔，並提升就業的彈性。對嬰幼兒而言，因為托育人員收托人數增加，嬰幼兒與同儕互動的機會也提升。然而居家托育服務中心在政府政策不斷異動更新且並未及時公告，還有政府提供經費和人力不足之下，使得中心須不斷的重複跟托育人員及家長說明而增加工作量。而政策對托育人員進行收費管制，中心因需處理收費限制衍生出托育人員與家長爭議申訴事件，因而使得托育人員和家長與中心的訪督人員在管理和督導之間的關係改變，產生對立。在托育品質部分，因政策進行收費管制，齊頭式收費降低托育人員提升托育品質的意願及不能凸顯優質托育人員個人特色。

關鍵字

平價托育政策 ； 居家式托育 ； 托育服務輸送

並列摘要

＂Fair-Price Childcare Policy＂ proposed by Taichung City Government, dubbed the ＂One- Dragon Policy＂, is based on the ideal of social investment, aims to reduce the financial burden on the family, and to promote women's participation in the labor market. With the aid of a semi-open-ended instrument, we conducted interviews with the supervisors of the six Family Childcare Centers of the city. The verbatim transcript was analyzed using a content analysis method to find out the accomplishments and the unintended consequences. The results show that, as seen by the supervisors, this policy has raised the visibility of the Centers when more families applied for the service, and as a result of the economy of scale, the Centers had a better performance. This policy had provided a stable stream of business for the caregivers and ensured stability of their incomes. Families with children have benefited from reduced financial burden, and more flexibility for arranging employment. The children also had better opportunity to play with their peers with the caregivers. However, we found that, as some of the important policy parameters changes frequently without authoritative announcement form the City, the Centers found it time consuming and had to expend human resources to manage their relationships with the parents. Since the fee is set by the City, and some of the caregivers attempt to raise the compensation in other names, the supervisors found their relationships with the caregivers and the families stranded as the tension heightened. Another unintended drawback is that, since the fee is detached from the performance, some of the caregivers found little incentive to improve the care quality.

並列關鍵字

Fair-Price Childcare Policy ； family childcare ； childcare service delivery