大客車的逃生設計及避難對策,與其可能面臨的火災情境有極大的關係,為了能更加瞭解大客車的火災安全問題,提升其災害管理規劃,本文透過災例統計及案例研究,歸納關於大客車火災情境的特殊之處及不利避難逃生之可能因素。透過統計分析資料瞭解到,大客車火災事故在發生次數及傷亡情形的比例都相對不高,但當車禍伴隨火災發生時,便容易發生可用出口數減少、人員受傷行動受阻這一嚴重境況,因而導致重大傷亡。而在特定情境如大客車行駛隧道空間遭遇火災事故,由於隧道內火煙的擴散,無論車輛本身起火與否,乘客都有陷入煙、熱危害的風險。透過對火災情境的分析探討,本研究亦提出大客車火災避難原則之建議。
The egress design and evacuation measures of the bus have a great relationship with the fire condition. In order to understand the issue of bus fire safety, this paper summarizes the specific scenarios of the bus fire through the incident statistics and case study, discussing possible factors that are not conducive to evacuation. The summarizations reveal that the proportion of bus accidents and casualties is not high, but when a bus accident occurs with a fire, it is possible that the number of available exports decrease, and resulting in serious casualties. In the specific scenario that a bus encounter the fire accident in tunnel, because of the smoke diffusion in the tunnel, regardless of whether the bus itself is on fire or not, passengers are threaten by the hazard from smoke. According to the analysis of the bus fire scenarios, the present study also proposes the recommendations of the evacuation principle.