本研究探討2003年至2011年兩岸8家航空公司之營運績效評估,應用資料包絡分析法(DEA)之CCR模式與BCC模式、麥氏指數等,進行兩岸航空公司的經營效率差異與生產力變動的評估,投入變數為「機隊規模、員工人數、營運成本」,產出變數選取「客運收益公里數(RPK)、貨運噸數、營業收益」,分析受評單位之整體效率、純技術效率及規模效率值,輔以規模報酬分析與差額分析,找出相對經營有效率及無效率之受評單位,提出管理建議。研究結果顯示,國泰航空及長榮航空之表現最佳,大陸籍航空公司普遍存在機隊過剩之情形,台灣地區之航空公司以小規模者之生產力進步較明顯。影響航空公司營運績效之環境因子則利用Tobit迴歸分析發現加入航空聯盟不顯著影響營運績效,係因大部分有入盟的樣本航空公司加入年度短,與聯盟的合作鏈結度尚不足。在直航方面的評估,分配到的一線城市航班數多寡對公司之績效並無明顯影響,本研究認為係因直航年份較少,故尚不顯著;而公司規模愈大者,其績效愈佳。此外,國家持股過半的航空公司對於營運效率有負向的影響,應加強組織管理彈性,控管成本,提高營運績效。
The research is based on a panel data set of 8 cross-strait airlines over the period of 2003-2011. This study utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which includes CCR Model, BCC Model and Malmquist Index, to assess the operational efficiency and productivity of these airlines. Fleet, number of employees and operational costs are selected as input variables, while outputs are RPK (Revenue Passenger Kilometer), freight tones and operational revenue. Following by The Tobit model, it is conducted in an effort to identify the effects of external explanatory variables on efficiency. According to the results, Cathay Pacific Airlines and EVA Air perform very well with the comparison of other sampled airlines. Airlines from the mainland China have the problem of excess fleet. Among Taiwanese airlines, those with smaller fleet are more flexible on productivity improvement. Regarding the influence of joining airlines alliance and the cross-strait direct flights, both are not significant on performance in the Tobit analysis, because most sampled airlines joined alliances in recent years, as well as the opening of direct flights. According to Tobit analysis, state-owned airlines are less efficient, whereas airlines with larger fleet are more efficient. Therefore, in order to perform better, state-owned airlines are recommended to enhance organization flexibility and control costs.