韓國勞工就業支援措施之探討

1990年代末期東南亞金融風暴期間，韓國曾飽受高失業率之苦。透過各項協助勞工就業的支援措施，韓國得以走出高失業率的風暴，並於最近10幾年來將失業率控制在4%以下。韓國在勞工就業支援措施上，可大分為三個方面，即：協助勞工就業支援措施、職能開發支援措施與雇傭安定支援措施。協助勞工就業支援措施中，成功就業套裝方案、青年YES計劃方案、中高齡層再就業計畫方案等三方案，採一條龍的整合性服務。在職能開發支援措施上，透過對失業勞工、在職勞工以及企業的補助，提高韓國勞工的職場競爭力，進而提升了韓國企業以及國家的競爭力。針對青年高失業率問題，韓國政府提出了一連串的協助青年就業方案與青年職能訓練計劃，包含青年YES計劃方案、青年就業實習制、青年職場與職業體驗計畫方案、海外就業支援措施等。在雇傭安定支援措施上，以發放企業補助金與獎勵金的方式為主。計有雇傭調整支援措施、創造就業支援措施、促進就業支援措施等三類。雇傭調整支援措施在於誘導須進行雇傭調整的企業，採停業、停職、在職訓練，或人力重配置的方式，而非解雇的方式，以降低失業人口。創造就業支援措施則用於補助創造就業機會之企業。促進就業支援措施則多著墨於獎勵企業維持雇用高齡勞工。

關鍵字

就業支援措施；職能開發支援措施；雇傭安定支援措施

並列摘要

Due to the unstable global economic and financial conditions, almost all of the countries in the world are suffering from the high unemployment rate on their country. The high unemployment rate not only evokes a nation's economic problems but also cause serious social problems. Korea had been in a high unemployment rate on late 90's when she inevitably encountered the Asian financial crisis, thanks to the government's measures to support the maintenance of employment, Korea is now enjoying a low unemployment rate. Korea's measures to support the maintenance of employment include job seeking assistant program, job skill development program, employment stabilization program. The purposes are to promote skills and competence on job, maintain jobs, encourage young people into the labor market, create employment and combat unemployment. In order to reach the purpose, the Korean government create various programs and offer subsidies and allowances to the enterprises and the unemployed. In year 2002, the Korean government focus on some programs to integrate young people into labor market, one of these programs is to subsidize young people to work abroad.