居民與遊客對生態旅遊衝擊認知、行為意向與管制措施關係之研究－以關渡自然公園為例

本研究探討居民與遊客在立場不同下，對關渡自然公園現有發展生態旅遊之衝擊認知、行爲意向和其發展生態旅遊制度策略之差異，並探討居民與遊客對於開發當地自然資源做爲生態旅遊之態度。本研究以問卷調查法，採隨機抽樣，共得有效問卷618份（居民爲218份，遊客爲400份）。利用因素分析萃取出生態旅遊之衝擊認知的四個主要構面（提升整體環境、降低社會負面形象、提升經濟、環境容許量）、行爲意向的三構面（捍衛環境和諧、配合環境文化、實際行動）與生態旅遊管制措施的三個構面（環境教育、實體管制、配合生態）；再透過二因子變異數分析來探討居民與遊客的基本社經特性對於生態旅遊之衝擊認知、行爲意向與管制措施看法之差異；最後，透過多元迴歸模式來探討居民與遊客對關渡地區發展生態旅遊同意程度是否會受到其對於生態旅遊之衝擊認知、行爲意向與管制措施的影響。研究結果發現：受訪者在生態旅遊之衝擊認知程度會影響其行爲意向，也會影響其對於管制措施的態度，而隨著居民與遊客之立場與身分的差異，對於生態旅遊之衝擊認知、行爲意向與態度也有顯著性的差異性。另外，遊客比居民更認同生態旅遊會讓關渡地區的休閒空間增加，且居民與遊客接觸程度愈密切，遊客愈能衍生出對當地的情感與關懷，進而產生環境保護的行動；此外，外來遊客認爲應該採用教育性的管制機制來確保生態旅遊之遊憩品質，而當地居民則偏好採用管制性的措施。

關鍵字

生態旅遊；衝擊認知；行爲意向；管制措施

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among impact perceptions, behaviors and attitudes of regulation strategy in local residents and visitors towards the eco-tourism development at Guandu Nature Park; it also aims to investigate how those factors influence residents' and visitor's attitudes toward the eco-tourism development. In this study, a convenient sample on-site survey was implemented, with random sampling method used to collect valid data from 618 participants (including 218 from local residents and 400 from visitors). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to find out four factors for impact perceptions of developing eco-tourism. They are identified as the enhancement on environment quality, the decrease on negative social negative image, the enhancement on local economic and the environment carrying capacity. The resulting factors regarding the behaviors are the protection of environment balance, the coordination of environment culture, and the real action. The regulation strategy on eco-tourism concludes three factors: environment education, physical regulation, and the Eco-matching. Furthermore, Two-Way ANOVA was used to analyze how local residents’ and visitor's perceptions, behaviors and attitudes about regulation strategy differ due to their socio-economic status. Finally, multiple regression was conducted to investigate how those factors contribute to their attitudes toward the development of eco-tourism at Guandu Nature Park. The results of the analyses showed that local residents and visitors' perceptions and the impacts of eco-tourism significantly affect their behaviors and their attitudes towards environment regulation strategy. In addition, residents and visitors also showed significantly difference in impacts perceptions, behaviors, and regulation strategy of eco-tourism. Besides, compared with location residents, tourists identified more with the idea that eco-tourism can provide more leisure space for Guandu area. With more interaction with the residents the tourists would express more appreciation and cares toward the locals, which in turn help them develop actions on environmental protection. In addition, visitors considered that regulations of educational nature can ensure the quality of leisure and recreation for eco-tourism, while local residents preferred the implementation of controlling regulations.