比較不同競技體操器械實施直臂屈體慢舉倒立肌肉活化表現的差異

目的：本研究為瞭解選手在三種競技體操器械上實施直臂屈體慢舉倒立動作過程中肌肉活化表現的差異並進一步找出主要作用肌群，藉以縮短訓練時效及提升動作控制能力。方法：研究對象為7位國內頂尖男子競技體操選手，在三種競技體操器械上實施直臂屈體慢舉倒立動作，使用8架紅外線攝影機、Motion Analysis System及9個無線傳輸肌肉活性感應器記錄參與者實施動作過程及肌肉活化表現，透過重複量數單因子變異數分析考驗9條肌肉活化程度的差異，並運用LSD事後比較進行檢驗。結果：（一）吊環肩部肌肉活化程度在整個動作過程中皆高於地板與雙槓。（二）主要作用肌群為上斜方肌、前三角肌及棘上肌，集中在肩部上方。（三）在三種器械上實施直臂屈體慢舉倒立動作過程中腹背部肌群活化表現趨於相近。結論：透過比較得知影響選手在三種器械實施慢舉倒立動作肌肉活化程度的主要原因在於手支撐條件的差異，不固定支點吊環器械上需要作用較多肩部肌群的肌力方能完成直臂屈體慢舉倒立動作。透過雙槓支撐曲臂推撐、雙槓支撐直臂聳肩及倒立推撐等競技體操動作來進行訓練，可強化上斜方肌、前三角肌與棘上肌的肌肉作用能力，可提升選手執行吊環慢舉倒立動作的控制能力。

關鍵字

競技體操；基本動作；穩定；控制

並列摘要

Purpose: This study investigated the differences between muscle groups in activation performance during handstands with straight-arm shoulder-flexion pressing on three types of artistic gymnastics apparatuses. Furthermore, the major muscle groups that shorten training time and improve movement control were identified. Methods: Seven top-ranking artistic gymnasts in Taiwan performed handstands with straight-arm shoulder-flexion pressing on three types of artistic gymnastics apparatuses. The performances were captured on eight infrared cameras. A motion analysis system and nine wirelessly transmitted muscle activity sensors were used to record the gymnasts' performances and gather data on the activation of nine muscle groups. The differences in the degree of activation between the nine muscle groups were examined using repeated quantitative univariate analysis, and post hoc comparisons were performed using LSD. Results: The results indicated the following: (A) the activation degree of shoulder muscles was higher when rings were used compared with when the floor or parallel bars were used; (B) the main activated muscle groups were the superior trapezius muscle, anterior deltoid muscle, and supraspinatus, which are concentrated in the upper shoulders; (C) the activation of the abdominal muscles was similar to that of the back muscles when handstands were performed with straight-arm shoulder-flexion pressing on the different types of apparatuses. Conclusion: The support conditions of straight arms are the main factors affecting the degree of muscle activation during handstands when the gymnast presses on different types of gymnastics apparatuses. Strong shoulder muscles are required to perform handstands with straight-arm shoulder-flexion pressing on a ring apparatus with no fixed support. Therefore, gymnasts can strengthen the muscle activation of the superior trapezius muscle, anterior deltoid muscle, and supraspinatus. Gymnasts can do so through training routines involving push-up support on parallel bars, straight-arm support on parallel bars with shrugging shoulders, and handstand push-ups, which further enhance the ability of gymnasts to control and execute pressing to perform handstands on rings.

並列關鍵字

artistic gymnastics ； basic movements ； stability ； control

參考文獻

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