探究不同背景大專羽球選手樂觀、悲觀與倦怠之差異與關聯

Exploring Differences and Relationships of Different Background Badminton Players on Pessimism and Optimism With Burnout

莊國上(Kuo-Shang Chuang) ； 蔡慧敏(Hui-Min Tsai)

《運動研究》 30卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 97-111

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR.202106_30(1).0006

摘要

目的：探討一、不同性別、每週訓練時數、運動層級之羽球選手在運動樂觀、悲觀與倦怠（三構面）上的差異，二、運動樂觀、悲觀與倦怠等心理構面間的關聯性。方法：以全國大專運動會羽球會內賽之選手232名為對象，施以運動員「樂觀、悲觀」及「倦怠」量表的測驗，資料以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關與多元迴歸進行差異、相關與預測之考驗。結果：一、不同性別在樂觀構面中並無顯著差異，但在悲觀中則有顯著差異，女生較不悲觀，倦怠感部分男生較高，有顯著差異；二、每週不同訓練時數之運動員在樂觀、悲觀與倦怠構面中的運動貶價均無顯著差異，但在倦怠部分的情緒／身體耗竭以及低成就感則有顯著差異；三、不同技術層級中無論樂觀、悲觀與倦怠構面中的運動貶價、低成就感均無顯著差異，僅在情緒／身體耗竭中有顯著差異；四、在相關分析中樂觀、悲觀及倦怠三構面皆為負相關，而悲觀與倦怠三構面皆為正相關；五、樂觀、悲觀均能預測倦怠，悲觀的預測力較高。結論：教練應在訓練計畫之安排與心理輔導上多做考量，並針對不同背景選手適時鼓勵選手採取樂觀思維，以及避免悲觀態度去面對比賽，以防杜倦怠感之產生。

關鍵字

情緒／身體耗竭 ； 運動貶價 ； 低成就感 ； 積差相關

並列摘要

Purpose: This study was to explore (1) the difference of genders, training hours per week, and skill levels of badminton players on pessimism, optimism, and burnout; (2) the relationship among three dimensions of pessimism, optimism, and burnout. Method: A total of 232 college badminton players participating in National Intercollegiate Athletic Games were chosen. The survey instruments were the Scale of Athlete Pessimism and Optimism, and Burnout Questionnaires. The obtained data was tested by the independent-sample t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Correlation to test the differences. Then, correlations and the regressions analysis were used to test the correlations and predictability of badminton players among optimism, pessimism, and burnout. Results: (1) There was no significant difference between genders on the dimension of optimism, yet there were significant differences between genders on the dimension of pessimism. Females were less pessimism than males. In the dimension of burnout, it showed significant differences on males. (2) There was no significant difference between different training hours of players on the dimensions of pessimism and optimism, and the sport devaluation in the dimension of burnout. However, there were significant differences of two aspects of emotional/physical exhaustion and a reduced sense of accomplishment in the dimension of burnout. (3) In the different skill levels, there was no significant difference among the dimensions of pessimism, optimism, and the two aspects of sport devaluation and a reduced sense of accomplishment in the dimension of burnout. Only emotional/physical exhaustion aspect in the dimension of burnout showed the significant difference. (4) In the Pearson Correlation, it showed negative correlation among three dimensions of pessimism, optimism, and burnout. Yet, the dimension of pessimism and the three aspects in burnout dimensions (emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation) showed the positive correlations. (5) In the regression analysis, this study found that both optimism and pessimism can predict burnout. Pessimistic predictive power was higher. Conclusion: Coaches need to pay more attention to player's training arrangement and counseling. In the light of different background players, coaches can timely encourage players keeping optimistic thinking and avoid pessimistic attitude to face the competition and the preventing burnout feeling.

並列關鍵字

emotional/physical exhaustion ； sport devaluation ； a reduced sense of accomplishment ； Pearson Correlation

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