不同單親家庭的生活處境：單親成因及其性別差異

A Study on Life Situations in Single Parent Families: Focus on Causes and Gender Differences

謝玉玲 ； 王舒芸 ； 鄭清霞

《社會發展研究學刊》 14期 (2014/04) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.6687/JSDS.2014.14.1

摘要

政府近年開始關注因家庭結構改變、單親家戶的增加所引起的社會問題及福利需求，但整體而言仍是偏向女性單親家庭困境的解方，對於男單親家庭少有回應。雖大部分單親以離婚原因居多，但單親生活處境與單親成因有著密切的關係，國內外文獻對於單親成因及性別差異的單親家庭生活處境少有討論，本文即嘗試以性別與單親成因兩個觀點，論述男女單親生活面貌的差異性，研究目的在於探索台灣男女單親在面對家庭關係改變後，在生活處境、身心適應、工作與家庭角色衝突等面向，是否有性別差異，並試圖理析性別差異與單親成因之關聯。本文以質化研究訪談為主，共計32位男女單親家長參與訪談，男女單親各為14、18位，單親成因包括離婚、喪偶、未婚及分居關係，訪談資料分析以Atlas.ti軟體協助整理重要議題的萃取與分析。研究結果發現喪偶單親的初始家庭圖像，因性別分工強化養家者或照顧者缺位呈現男女單親迥異的生活情境。而離婚女單親源於主動切割不適任的父職，弱勢男單親則是非養家者之罪的結果。雖然三世代男單親家戶仍是男單親主要居住形式，也高於女單親家戶；但代間互動與人際支援並未比女單親原生家庭更具有支持性。因單親家庭的高異質性，單親家庭生活處境涉及不同的單親成因、性別文化因素。尤其是原生家庭的支持與協助影響單親家庭處境與適應，建議未來福利政策上應敏於回應男女單親家庭不同單親成因與家庭資源的強弱，適時協助單親生活安頓歷程。

關鍵字

單親家庭 ； 性別 ； 單親成因 ； 生活處境

並列摘要

In recent years, the Government has started to pay attention to the social problems caused by changes in family structure and increasing welfare needs of single-parent households. However, it’s much response on female than male single-parent families. Although most single parent families cause by divorce reasons, it's closely relation between life situations and cause of single parent family. But, little literature discuss to causes and gender differences in single-parent families. This article attempts to focus on causes and gender analysis, discussed differences of life situations of single parent families. This study adopted qualitative research and conducted purposive sampling to collect samples. Thirty two single-parent families (14 male, 18 female) were involved. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed by computer software Atlas.ti. The results indicated that under existed gender division labor either absent bread-maker or caregiver in initial windowed single-parent families. Female-headed divorced has experienced the process for cutting unsuitable fatherhood, low income male-headed divorced becoming a single-parent with children due to fail bread-earning role. Although major pattern of male-headed households is tree-generations in Taiwan, personal interaction of intra-generations and human supportive resources is poor, even more than female-headed. Gender and reason for becoming a single parent also have a profound influence on what life situations they are. Some people require much assistance with figuring out which family resources are unavailable to them. The paper indicated a better understanding of diverse situations in single-parent households. Finally, it is recommended as well that social policy should acquire a better responsible of diversity of situations among single parent families, and to make them more competent in facing these challenges.

並列關鍵字

single families ； gender ； causes of single parent families ； life situation

參考文獻

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