蚵寮移民與哈瑪星代天宮之關係研究

哈瑪星是近百餘年才打造出來的街區，是作為移民社會觀察的適當樣本。本文以觀察日治時期哈瑪星蚵寮移民著手，同時分析其移民群的社會特質，在此基礎上試圖解釋代天宮創建的社會底蘊。整理日治時期的戶籍資料發現，哈瑪星蚵寮移民約始於1920年代中期，此後逐年攀升，佔臺籍移民的15%，不僅數量眾多、地緣性鮮明，且深具家族、同鄉和聯姻等社會特色。不過，蚵寮移民多數是弱勢的漁工、苦力，僅少數能經營漁貨盤商。因此，當戰後初期蚵寮移民打算創建自己的廟宇時，經費短缺即為現實的問題，勢必得採納整合非蚵寮人的社會資源。大體而言，以漁貨流通業為社會關係連帶的職緣關係，實乃創建代天宮的重要社會基礎，其不僅體現日治以來蚵寮移民的信仰，更發揮整合哈瑪星多元移民的社會功能，藉由神明和儀式的妥協而達成最佳的運作狀態。

關鍵字

蚵寮；代天宮；哈瑪星；移民社會；民間信仰；社會連帶

並列摘要

Hamasen, built in an artificial plot of land during the Japanese rule period, is a new downtown street in modern times. So, as a study subject on immigrant community, Hamasen is the best sample. Based on observing Kei Liao immigrants and their social characteristics, this paper tried to explore the social inside informaion of Dai Tain Gong. According to the census data during the Japanese rule period, Kei Liao settlers began to migrate to Hamasen in the mid-1920, and in creased year by year, accounting for 15% of Taiwanese immigrants in Hamasen. They were not only large in number but also geopolitically, outstanding, characterized by social solidarity in family or related by marriage. However, most of them were disadvantaged workers of fishery or coolies, and just only a few people engaged in fishery business. When they planned to build the temple, shortage of funds was a realistic problem; therefore they must accept social resources from other immigrants. Overall, social solidarity of fishery business has laid the important social foundation of Dai Tan Gong, and embodied the religious belief of Kei Liao immigrants since the reign of Japan, and has even fulfilled the social function of integrating various immigrants in Hamasen. By balancing the arrangement of the main gods with performing the rituals, Dai Tan Gong can be managed smoothly until today.