晚明情愛觀與佛教交涉芻議－以《金瓶梅》為中心

Eros and Buddhism in the Late Ming: A Preliminary Look at "Jing ping mei"

廖肇亨(Chao-Heng Liao)

《欲掩彌彰：中國歷史文化中的「私」與「情」─私情篇》 2003 (2003/09) Pp. 159-178

https://doi.org/10.29531/siqing.200309.0159

摘要

情論思維是晚明文化的一大特色，不僅是認識當時思想、文藝的重要關鍵，對現代社會也同樣充滿啟發。然而晚明一個極其重要，卻往往為研究者所忽略的文化現象，即當時佛教的流行。另一方面，作為認識晚明社會文化的具體縮影，《金瓶梅》恆常吸引著晚明時期文學、歷史、宗教各個範疇研究者的目光。但關於《金瓶梅》當中關於佛、道教連篇累牘的描寫，歷來的研究者似乎也並未給予充分的關注。近年《金瓶梅》的研究者逐漸從宗教的視角來省察《金瓶梅》與當時文化的關係，本文從另一個視角出發，以《金瓶梅》為觀照的起點，映視晚明文化中情愛論述中所呈展出來的佛教思維樣式，試著解析除了「因果福報」以外，文藝思潮中佛教所扮演的角色與功能，是否具有其他可能的內涵，同時就其於個體與情愛文化之間相互交織的景象進行初步的檢視，希望在面對晚明小說中此種宗教與情愛並存的現象時能有不同的認識角度。

關鍵字

金瓶梅 ； 佛教 ； 情色 ； 屠隆 ； 張竹坡

並列摘要

Concepts of qing 情 are one of the most distinctive aspects of the culture of the late Ming and are not only key to understanding the thought and art of the time but can also provide important insights to modern culture. Commonly taken as a microcosm of late Ming society, the novel ”Jing ping mei” has long attracted the attention of researchers interested in the literature, history, and religion of the period. By contrast, the widespread popularity of Buddhism during the late Ming, while being an extremely important cultural phenomenon of the time, has commonly been overlooked. Likewise, sections in ”Jing ping mei” dealing with Buddhism and Taoism have historically not been given much attention by scholars, although in recent years, they have begun to examine the relationship between ”Jing ping mei” and the culture of the time from the perspective of religion. In this paper, we use ”Jing ping mei” to try to show that Buddhist thought had its influence on erotic discourse of the late Ming and discuss the role and function of Buddhism concepts (over and beyond karma) in the literary thought of the time. At the same time, we begin to look at interplay between the individual and the culture of eros in the hopes of offering a different perspective for reading fiction of the late Ming that combines both the religious and the erotic.

並列關鍵字

"Jing ping mei" ； Buddhism ； eroticism ； Tu Lung ； Zhang Zupo