台灣常見住宅類型通風效益研究

A study of Taiwan common building typology breathability

蔡千瑩(Tsai chien-ying) ； 蘇瑛敏(Su ying-ming)

《物業管理學會論文集》 14屆 (2021/06) Pp. 229-237

摘要

高度發展的都市造成熱島效應與失衡的微氣候，這些狀況將影響都市居住者的生活品質，在全球氣候變遷的條件之下，都市中的空間與微氣候需要調節並達到平衡。研究文獻顯示建築物類型很大層面影響著建築物本身與其周邊環境的風場氣流狀況，適當的建築型態有助於調節都市空間中的微氣候，進而影響到整個都市的氣候平衡。影響風場的因子如街道座向、建築物高度、建築相鄰的關係、建築密度等，但目前少有針對台灣常見建築類型與周圍風場關係的討論。因此本研究針對三種台灣常見國民住宅類型（方格型、四併型、風車十字型），以計算流體力學（CFD）模擬不同類型的住宅的溫度、氣流與行人風場之狀況。模擬結果顯示三種建築型態方案以方格型的平均風速為最優，四併型次之，最後則是風車型。風車型方案雖然平均風速最低落，高溫區域面積卻占最少。住宅景觀與採光皆為影響住宅形式的因素之一，同時影響著都市中微氣候的平衡與通風環境的優劣，不同的住宅類型也影響住宅周遭的通風效益。

關鍵字

住宅類型 ； 通風 ； CFD模擬 ； 建築型態

並列摘要

Highly developed city cause heat island effects and unbalanced microclimate. This kind of phenomenon affect the quality who live in these city.Because of the conditions of global clmate changing,urban space amd microclimate need to be adjusted and balanced.The research literature shows that the type of building greatly affects the airflow conditions of the wind field between the building and its surrounding environment, the appropriate type helps to adjust the microclimate in urban space, which in affects the climate balance of the entire city. Factors that affect the wind field include street orientation, building height, building density, etc. There’re few discussions about relationship between common building types in Taiwan and surrounding wind fields. Therefore, this research aims at three common residential housing types in Taiwan (square type, 4 rooms type, and cross type), using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the temperature, airflow and pedestrian wind field conditons of different types. The simulation results show that the average wind speed of the square type is the best among the three building types, the 4 rooms type is the second,and the cross type is the last. Although the average wind speed of the wind model is the lowest, the area of the high temperature area is the least. Residential landscape and daylighting are one of the factors that affthe form of residences, at the same time affect the balance of microclimate in the city and the advantages and disadvantages of the ventilation environ- ment. Different types of resienences also affect the ventilation efficiency of the surrounding residences.