設施甜瓜介質耕定時與適時二種灌溉模式之管理效益比較

Comparison to the Farming Benefits of Two Irrigation Modes - Timer and Adaptive on Protected Substrate Melon Cultivation

陳令錫(Ling-Hsi Chen) ； 戴振洋(Chen-Yang Tai)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 141期 (2018/12) Pp. 75-87

摘要

本研究目的在導入環境感測技術，於適當時間啟動灌溉設備，節能智慧操作，分析管理效益與對設施甜瓜生育之影響；比較傳統定時定量和光積值自動化適時適量二種灌溉驅動模式處理間的灌溉水量、操作次數、水電資源消耗、植株生理、葉片養分與果實性狀。試驗結果顯示，基於光積值自動化適時適量養液灌溉量及肥料量使用約少33～66%，農民生產成本可相對降低，顯然甜瓜栽培在合理適時適量養液灌溉供應範圍內更符合友善栽培目的。22天紀錄期間，適時灌溉模式之灌溉次數比定時灌溉模式少13次，平均每天節省1.5 l/m^2灌溉水量。定時灌溉模式在晴天、陰天和下雨天三種不同天氣都是肥灌2次、水灌1次，而智慧動態適時灌溉模式在晴天（26 Sep.）肥灌2次、水灌1次；陰天（20 Sep.）肥灌2次，節約用水33%；下雨天（15 Sep.）則只有肥灌1次，節約用水66%，顯示適時灌溉模式隨天氣而智慧動態地改變灌溉水量。由介質體積含水率的數據變化趨勢顯示，日間除了灌溉有上升波峰之外，各田區介質體積含水率維持在適當的穩定區間內。甜瓜葉片在傳統定時定量或合理適時適量養液灌溉供應範圍內，對葉長、葉寬、葉柄長、莖粗及節間長之生育影響在統計上差異並不顯著。對於甜瓜葉片元素吸收，兩者灌溉方式相同，並無受到影響。

關鍵字

灌溉 ； 甜瓜 ； 介質耕 ； 定時器 ； 適時

並列摘要

This study was aimed to use environment sensing technique to trigger irrigation adaptively and dynamically with energy-saving operation, and analysis farming benefits of protected soilless melon cultivation. Compared both automatic irrigation trigger modes of traditional timer and adaptive in irrigation water amount, operation times, hydropower resource consumption, plant physiology, leaf nutrient and fruit characteristics of melon. The results showed that less irrigation water amount and applied fertilizers were used by adaptive trigger, therefore the production cost can be reduced. Obviously, melon cultivation is more suitable for friendly farming purposes in a reasonable and dynamic timely supply of water and nutrients. Irrigation times of adaptive mode were 13 times less than timer mode, average save 1.5 l/m^2 of water per day during the recorded 22 days period. The timer mode is fertigation 2 times and watering 1 times for three different weather conditions on sunny, cloudy and rainy days. But, the adaptive mode is fertigation 2 times and watering 1 times for sunny day, fertigation 2 times that save 33% water for cloudy day, fertigation 1 times only that save 66% water for rainy day. Therefore, the adaptive mode change the amount of irrigation water dynamically and smartly depend on the weather. The distribution of volumetric water content data of substrate in each field showed that they were maintained within an appropriate stable range except for the rising peak of irrigation during the daytime. The melon leaves in leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, stem diameter and internode length of both timer and adaptive trigger modes were statistically not significant, thus the elements absorption of leaf was not affected by both timer and adaptive trigger modes.

並列關鍵字

irrigation ； melon ； substrate culture ； timer ； adaptive